2/12/2014 Bell Ringer # 9!

Architecture  Romans got most of their architectural ideas from the Greeks.  They took their buildings and modified them into their own style.  Arches, vaults and domes are what Rome is known for.

Dome  The construction of the first dome was by the Romans.  Domes were found in baths, villas, palaces, and tombs.  They helped keep the bathing rooms temperature regulated.  The largest concrete dome is the Pantheon.

This is a temple to all the gods of Ancient Rome

Columns are vertical, upright pillars. Columns may provide support or simply be purely decorative.

Vault  Romans were known for building very large vaults over halls.  Pozzolana was an important ingredient for the sturdiness of the vault.  It was a volcanic deposit that when dried it was like a metal lid.

Groin Vault

Romans were the first builders in the world to appreciate the arch.

Arches  Roman builders relied heavily on the rounded arch to span large, open areas.  They mainly used arches for bridges and doorways.  Romans were known for their semi-circular arch.

Triumphal Arches  The triumphal arch was used to commemorate victorious generals or significant public events such as the founding of a new colony.  Arch of Constantine is a triumphal arch in Rome.

An vault is a tunnel-like extension of an arch. May be thought of as an unbroken series of arches pressed together.

Colosseum  This amphitheater is the largest building in the world!  It is located in the center of Rome.  It is built of stone and concrete.  Originally called the Amphitheater Flavium.  It took about 10 years to build.

Colosseum Does the Colosseum have columns?

What is this?

Circus Maximus  It was the first and largest stadium in Rome.  It could hold 150,000 spectators.  It was prone to flooding.  At first, the stadium was built out of wood.  Why would building something out of wood be a problem?

Circus Maximus:  Today, it is just a park that holds many big events.  Most of the track is buried underneath the ground from flooding.

Forum  Rectangular plaza surrounded by many important government buildings.  Most celebrated meeting place in the world.  Made out of concrete.

Theater  They were built out of stone and concrete.  They originally were built out of wood.  They did not have a front curtain.

Houses  Inside a roman mansion you will find a many mosaics.  The more mosaics, the wealthier the owners were.  If they had no mosaics, it would just be colored plastered floors.  Also, mansions had water piped right to them.  You could tell how rich a person was by how large their pipes were.  The larger the pipe, the higher their taxes.

Pipes were labeled with the manufacture name on it.

Roman Roads  Developed out of military necessity.  Via Appia was the first major road and it took over 100 years to build.  With roads, trade flourished. All roads lead to Rome! !

Roads! A: Stone slabs B: Small stones and cement C: Large stones D: compacted dirt Ditch to drain water

Break out time!

Master of the House  At each table, there are study prints, articles, and questions.  Answer each question! You will be presenting them!  Everyone must say something!  If you finish your questions and know what you are saying, you can work on your Julius Caesar essay.

Atrium  There are spouts that drain rain water into the impluvium. Where are they located and what shape are they?  Would the atrium be a smart place to hide if there was a volcano eruption? Why or why not?  Why do you think the deceased family members’ feet faced the door?

Atrium  The spouts are located at the top of the atrium ceiling. They are shaped like lion heads.  No, volcanic ash and debris would fall in and bury you!  They place them like this so viewers would know they died a peaceful death.

Colosseum  How many stories did the Colosseum have?  What architectural structure was used in the Colosseum?  How quickly could the people leave the stadium?

Colosseum  It has 3 stories.  They used arches and columns to build the Colosseum.  They could leave within 5 minutes.  There were 76 entrances!

Forum  How old is this forum today?  What type of buildings were in the forum?  The portico is supported by _________.

Forum  It is about 2,767 years old.  They had temples, arches, and senate houses.  They are supported by columns.

Circus Maximus  When was it built?  Where did the chariots start? Which side of the map?  The barrier (spina) was dangerous. Why do you think?

Circus Maximus  It was built in the 6 th century.  The chariots started at the ostia  The chariots would get pushed into the spina and their chariots were destroyed.

Roman Roads  Do you think there is a better way to construct the roads?  Why do you think the roads have lasted this long?

Roads  Will vary- No, they had a great setup and the roads are still there today!  The roads lasted so long because of the drainage system!

Theater  What part of the theater remained the most unchanged by decay?  When looking at the bottom print, you can see behind the stage. What purpose might those rooms serve?  Are Roman theaters similar to ours today?

Theater  The orchestra remained the most unchanged.  Those rooms were the changing rooms.  They are similar! They have stadium seating, a stage, and changing rooms!

Pantheon  What architectural structure does the Pantheon have?  Why is the dome so famous?  How did they reduce the weight of the dome?

Pantheon  It has a large dome!  It was one of the largest domes created for its time!  They reduced the weight by having an opening in the top of the dome!