Graphic Organizer and War Collage Project

Directions: Select two adjectives and one noun from your graphic organizer and visually represent the selected adjectives in a collage. The collage should represent your perspective on war or rather how you think best to describe it. Construction Requirements: Each adjective and the noun selected must be displayed using at least 5 images, however you may use more and are encouraged to do so. You may also include words, however, make sure that it is clear which are your selected adjectives and noun Expectations: Your completed collages will be displayed in the school gallery for your peers to view. With this in mind, I expect you to be thoughtful and aware of the statement that you would like to make about the topic. I.e. demonstrate pride in your work and your thoughts. Also, take this opportunity to demonstrate to your peers how art can be democratic. Don’t just state your opinion with your collage – make an argument..

Words to Describe War Graphic Organizer: Need at least 5 for each category and two synonyms Adjectives Brutal Absurd Sadistic Redundant Chaotic Heroic Proud Justified Patriotic Honorable Nouns Refugees Family Arduous Anguish Pride Honor Duty Victory Nation Protection Muddled Frenzied Self-defense Safety

What do I mean by “true cost”...  Cost in terms of “dollars and cents”  For example: The financial cost of WWII for the United States in 1945 = $288 billion  The true cost – or the opportunity cost - of something you want is what you must give up in order to get it, which usually means much more than just $  For example: In WWII the U.S. wanted to win the war. In turn we gave up:  Almost 417,000 soldiers’ lives (#’s of fathers, brothers, husbands, friends, etc.)  Freedom of speech (political commentary against the war or in favor of socialist or communists was not protected)  Daily comfort (rations, conservation, etc.)

Using numbers, visuals, and art to express the cost of war  Statistics can be valuable sources  Provide concrete #’s and information  Can make information easier to understand  Statistics can also be difficult to comprehend  You know what 25 million means, but it might be difficult to comprehend the impact of 25 million million lives lost  Art as a bridge  Art can help us visualize, interpret, and/ or comprehend large amounts of statistical information  It helps us “humanize “ data

Countries involved in WWII = 66  Albania, Algeria, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Borneo, Bulgaria, Burma, Canada, Ceylon, Chile, China, Congo, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Germany, Gibraltar, Great Britain, Greece, Grenada, Gilbert Islands, Hong Kong, Hungary, India, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Malaya, Malta, Marshall Islands, Morocco, Netherlands, New Guinea, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Norway, Pakistan, Palestine, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sicily, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Soviet Union, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, United States, Vietnam, Yugoslavia

Estimate of total lives lost = 62 to 79 million people  Why the gap?  Inaccuracy of records  Inability to recover bodies  Loss of infrastructure could also mean loss of records  This estimate includes military losses (22-25 million) & civilian losses (40-52 million) which includes between million from war-related illness and famine

({{Information |Description=World War 2 Casualties Chart |Source={{Own}} |Date=First uploaded to en wiki on 02:45, April 22, 2008 |Author=TheShadowed

Still, what does million really mean?  What other sources are available to help us better comprehend the losses experienced?  Photographs  Memoirs  Poetry  Paintings  Music

Standing in the grassy sod bordering row upon row of white crosses in an American cemetery, two Coast Guardsmen pay silent homage to the memory of a fellow Coast Guardsman who lost his life in action

Strategic Bombing  Refers to all aerial bombardment of a strategic nature between 1939 and 1945 involving any nations engaged in WWII. Areas bombed included:  Military forces  Railways  Harbors  Cities  Industrial areas  The number of people killed by Allied bombing in Germany have been estimated at between 400,000 and 600,000. In Germany 7.5 million were rendered homeless by the bombings.  In the UK 60,595 British were killed by German bombing  In France 67, 069 killed by US & UK bombing (remember they are allies!)

Pablo Picasso’s Guernica, 1937 Picasso’s reflection on the German and Italian bombing of the town of Guernica. The Spanish government commissioned him to paint a mural about the event. It reflects the horror and tragedy of war on individuals, especially civilians.

Allied bombing of Dresden, Germany  Up to 30,000 Germans killed in a city with little to no military value; 90% of the city center was destroyed

Lothar Metzger, Dresden survivor  “We saw terrible things: cremated adults shrunk to the size of small children, pieces of arms and legs, dead people, whole families burnt to death, burning people ran to and fro, burnt coaches filled with civilian refugees, dead rescuers and soldiers, many were calling and looking for their children and families, and fire everywhere, everywhere fire, and all the time the hot wind of the firestorm threw people back into the burning houses they were trying to escape from. I cannot forget these terrible details. I can never forget them.

Author Kurt Vonnegut lived through the bombing and the event becomes the inspiration for his novel Slaughterhouse Five  Excerpt from Chapter 1- a conversation with an old war buddies’ wife about writing a book about his experiences in the war  "You were just babies then!" she said. "What?" I said. "You were just babies in the war—like the ones upstairs!" I nodded that this was true. We had been foolish virgins in the war, right at the end of childhood. "But you're not going to write it that way, are you." This wasn't a question. It was an accusation. "I—I don't know," I said. "Well I know, You'll pretend you were men instead of babies, and you'll be portrayed in the movies by Frank Sinatra and John Wayne or some of those other glamorous, war-loving, dirty old men. And war will look just wonderful, so we'll have a lot more of them. And they'll be fought by babies like the babies upstairs." So then I understood. It was war that made her so angry. She didn't want her babies or anybody else's babies killed in wars. And she thought wars were partly encouraged by books and movies.

Lives Lost in the Holocaust nearly 11 million 5,860,000 Jews 5,000,000 Non-Arayans, political prisoners, homosexuals and others  Taken inside a huge glass case in the Auschwitz Museum. This represents one day's collection at the peak of the gassings, about 25,000 thousand pairs.

Nuclear Bombing: Hiroshima and Nagasaki  140,000 dead in Hiroshima and 80,000 in Nagasaki by the end of 1945  Thousands more have been killed from injuries or the combined effects of flash burns, trauma, and radiation burns, coupled with illness, malnutrition and radiation sickness. Since then more have died from leukemia and cancers attributed to exposure to radiation released by the bombs

A dense column of smoke rises more than 60,000 feet into the air over the Japanese port of Nagasaki, the result of an atomic bomb, the second ever used in warfare, dropped on the industrial center August 8, 1945

 Hiroshima Historical Reenactment Hiroshima Historical Reenactment  Hiroshima Hiroshima  Barefoot Gen, Japanese anime film  Based on the semi-autobiographical comic book that illustrates a survivor’s first-hand account of living through and after the bomb

Haiku and Tanka written by survivors of the bombings Reality Is this and only this – The one bone I place in the bent and burned Small school lunch tin. - Shoda Shinoe Grabbing sand Beneath the flaming sky Is to be alive - Kingyo Humiko The painting is titled “Fire” and was created by Iri Maruki and Toshi Maruki. They are a husband and wife who survived the bombing of Hiroshima.

23,954,000 Civilians of the Soviet Union perish – more than any other country involved in the war

Battle of Leningrad September January 1944  Over one million Soviet soldiers killed  Over 1 million civilians lost  2 million Soviet lives lost over the course of the siege  Largest loss of life known in any modern city  Some consider this an act of genocide as the Germans enacted a “racially motivated starvation policy”  Citizens only allowed 125g of bread, 50% of which was made of sawdust  ,000 people died everyday, most from hunger  By the winter of cannibalism set in as birds, rats, and pets became lesser

Kseniya Simonova  This is a sand story of a young couple who were separated by the war. The young lady and little son were waiting for the father to come from war, but he was killed. In the end he comes to their window and watches over them with a sight of love and hope.  Nazi Invasion of the Soviet Union Nazi Invasion of the Soviet Union