LING 388: Language and Computers Sandiway Fong Lecture 28 12/1
Administrivia Review Homework 7
Homework 7 Review Japanese passives – kau (buy) --> kawareru (passive form of kau, present tense) – kawareta (passive form of kau-ed) Modify j24.pl (j26.pl) to handle the Japanese equivalents of – The book was bought – Input: hon-ga kawareta – Output: past(kau(_,hon)) – The book was bought by John – Input: hon-ga taroo-ni kawareta – Output: past(kau(taroo,hon))
Homework 7 Review Example 1 – The book was bought – Input: hon-ga kawareta – Output: past(kau(nonovert,hon)) No modification necessary to…
Homework 7 Review Example 2 – The book was bought by John – Input: hon-ga taroo-ni kawareta – Output: past(kau(taroo,hon)) again, no modification necessary to…
Homework 7 Review Output
g27.pl Last time, made some changes necessary for generating the by-phrase with the passive for the English grammar replaced the adjunction rule in g25.pl by2 by
g27.pl Another change, to prevent translator overgeneration
More translation How about the translation of Japanese passives? How to fix this? i.e. obtain …
More translation Finally, we have…
Idioms idioms – non-composition meaning i.e. meaning of idiom cannot be inferred from the meaning of the constitutive words examples – John kicked the bucket VP “kicked the bucket” – has a literal interpretation – has an idiomatic interpretation “John died” – Pete gave me the cold shoulder VP “give X the cold shoulder” – has an (unlikely) literal interpretation – has a (more likely) idiomatic interpretation “be unfriendly towards X” – (French) cassé sa pipe – (literal) break his pipe – (idiomatic) died
Idioms examples – John kicked the bucket VP “kicked the bucket” – has a literal interpretation – has an idiomatic interpretation “John died” – John kicked the buckets VP “kicked the buckets” – has only a literal interpretation English grammar modifications: – verb: kicked – common noun: bucket(s) queries ?- parse(X,[john,kicked,the,bucket]). X = kicked(john,bucket) ?- parse(X,[john,kicked,the,buckets]). X = kicked(john,buckets) – Literal meanings only
Idioms examples – John kicked the bucket VP “kicked the bucket” – has a literal interpretation – has an idiomatic interpretation “John died” – John kicked the buckets VP “kicked the buckets” – has only a literal interpretation idiomatic interpretation – Verb Phrase: kicked the bucket – vp(vp(v(died))) --> [kicked,the,bucket]. Modify Predicate-Argument structure (intransitive verbs)
Idioms example – John kicked the bucket VP “kicked the bucket” – has a literal interpretation – has an idiomatic interpretation “John died” – John kicked the buckets VP “kicked the buckets” – has only a literal interpretation queries – ?- parse(X,[john,kicked,the,bucket]). – X = died(john) ? ; – X = kicked(john,bucket) ? ; – ?- parse(X,[john,kicked,the,buckets]). – X = kicked(john,buckets) ? ; – no
Exercise: English Idiom example – John kicked the bucket the VP “kicked the bucket” has a literal interpretation and an idiomatic interpretation “John died” vp(vp(v(died))) --> [kicked,the,bucket]. Complete the translator so that – John kicked the bucket has both a literal and an idiomatic translation Taroo-ga buketsu-o ketta Taroo-ga shinda buketsu = bucket shinda = died ketta = kicked – John kicked the buckets has only a literal translation Taroo-ga buketsu-o ketta (assuming Japanese does not distinguish number)