Faculty of Arts University of Karachi Nisar A. Memon August 24, 2005 Governance Challenges in Pakistan: Past, Present and Future

Pre Independence : Movement 40s & 50s: Political instability 60s: Controlled democracy 70s: Country divided 80s : Islamic influence in polity 90s: Highest political maneuvering 2000: Controlled with elected govts. >Weak political institutions< 2 Governance Challenges in Pakistan: Past, Present and Future Governance ……. Historic Perspective

Constitution Preamble,Fundamental Rights &Principles of Policy - Wherein the State shall exercise its powers and authority through the chosen representatives of the people; - Wherein the principles of democracy, freedom, equality, tolerance and social justice, as enunciated by Islam, shall be fully observed; - ‘principles of social justice’ & ‘egalitarian society’ Articles & Amendments: - Article 1: Federal Republic - Article 9: Security of life and liberty - Article 19: Freedom of speech and expression and press - 4 th Schedule: Federal & Concurrent Legislative List 3 Governance Challenges in Pakistan: Past, Present and Future Governance (continued)

–Elements / Aspects / Areas State Institutions –Legislative »Parliament »Provincial Government\ »Local Government –Executive »Civil & Military –Judiciary Media Feudal, Urban & Mullah 4 Governance Challenges in Pakistan: Past, Present and Future Governance (continued)

Foundations of our Foreign Policy by Quaid-I-Azam……. “Our foreign policy is one of friendliness and goodwill towards the nations of the world.We do not cherish aggressive designs against any country or nation. … utmost contribution to the promotion of peace and prosperity among the nations of the world…. Upholding th principles of the United Nations Charter.” Phases……… :Explorations &friendship with all :Alignment with the West :Transition : Bilateralism and nonalignment : Afghanistan and Partnership with US :Post-Cold War Era & Pakistan’s Dilemmas 2001Onwards: Pakistan & Counter Terrorism 5 Governance Challenges in Pakistan: Past, Present and Future Governance …Foreign Policy

Bilateral: India, USA, China, Afghanistan, Iran Regional: SAARC, SCO, AMED World Forums: UN, OIC, WB Image: –Terrorist / Extremist –Democracy –Human Rights Minorities - Protection Women- Rapes / Votes –Nuclear proliferation 6 Governance Challenges in Pakistan: Past, Present and Future Challenges…….International

Economy: –Sustain macro economic achievements –Strengthen Micro economics Poverty Alleviation Programs Control Inflation & Price Hike Politics: –Decency, free from coercions and state interference –Provincial Harmony: Federal & Concurrent Lists Social: –Extremism: President’s Enlightened Moderation Strategy –Basic amenities: Education, Health, Safe Drinking Water –Law & Order: Batta’s, Theft (Mobiles,ATMs), Murders & Rapes Security –Internal Dissent 7 Governance Challenges in Pakistan: Past, Present and Future Challenges…….National

Governance Challenges in Pakistan: Past, Present and Future AGENDA for CHANGE Strengthen: All Institutions Focus: On EDUCATION Develop: Merit based society Acquire: Knowledge and learn Engage: In Research Unite: irrespective of ethnic origin, language, religion, religious sect, region etc Agree on National Agenda –All Parties, All Regions, ALL PEOPLE Zero Tolerance for Corruption Can we do it? 8 Governance Challenges in Pakistan: Past, Present and Future AGENDA for CHANGE

Can we do it? ……... YES, YES, YES. How? –Resolve by us all –Leadership in all areas Who? –U: Acquire education and live knowledge based life Open mind: Research & Study Groups Shun violence –Government at all levels to practice good governance –UR Elected Representatives: Liaison with U……..Senator from Karachi & & & 9 Governance Challenges in Pakistan: Past, Present and Future MOVE FORWARD>>>>>