PUBLIC CONTRACTS Project Acquisition and Project Delivery Systems James E. Krause, Attorney Regan Zebouni & Walker, PA Jacksonville, Florida Direct Dial An Overview of Current Issues and Trends in Public Construction

Overview – To Bid or Not to Bid OVERVIEW OVERVIEW Review and discuss public contract issues Review and discuss public contract issues Review construction acquisition systems Review construction acquisition systems Review project delivery systems Review project delivery systems Review specific Public Contract issues Review specific Public Contract issues Florida Public Contract law Florida Public Contract law JEA contract review JEA contract review

Part I PUBLIC CONTRACT ISSUES Owner Expectations: Owner Expectations:  Better - Faster - Cheaper  Desire to work with fewer, but more reliable vendors  No disputes -- no lawyers -- no lawsuits  Less risk/responsibility for Owner  Engineer - Contractor has all risk

Overview Historical Perspective. Historical Perspective. Rise of Owner – Architect – Contractor System. Rise of Owner – Architect – Contractor System. Increasing complexity in building systems requires complex management practices. Increasing complexity in building systems requires complex management practices. Increased density involves governmental concern with health safety and welfare. Increased density involves governmental concern with health safety and welfare. Increased overall complexity engages legal system. Increased overall complexity engages legal system.

Overview - Private Owners Private Owners typically have fewer procurement restraints than Public Owners. Private Owners typically have fewer procurement restraints than Public Owners. The Golden Rule applies. The Golden Rule applies. The Owner is the ultimate authority. The Owner is the ultimate authority. Owners recognize the value of competition – more or less. Owners recognize the value of competition – more or less. There is more possibility of bargaining for favorable contract terms in private work. There is more possibility of bargaining for favorable contract terms in private work.

Overview - Public Contracts Public contracts derive from statutes, regulations, ordinances, etc. Public contracts derive from statutes, regulations, ordinances, etc. It is common for Public sector contracts to require competitive procurement. It is common for Public sector contracts to require competitive procurement. Contracting officers for Public Agencies have limited authority, and cannot commit the Agency or Government beyond their authority. Contracting officers for Public Agencies have limited authority, and cannot commit the Agency or Government beyond their authority. Public contracts are standardized – there is little room for bargaining. Public contracts are standardized – there is little room for bargaining.

Overview – Public Owners Public Owners were not typically allowed to use negotiated or sole source contract acquisition. Public Owners were not typically allowed to use negotiated or sole source contract acquisition. Public Owners were looking for a method to increase flexibility in their acquisition. Public Owners were looking for a method to increase flexibility in their acquisition. “Best Value” procurement is the new tool for Public Agencies. “Best Value” procurement is the new tool for Public Agencies.

Overview - Owners Public (Government) contracts differ from nonpublic contracts in that private sector contracts have few constraints, while public sector contracts involve extensive regulations imposed by the government. Public (Government) contracts differ from nonpublic contracts in that private sector contracts have few constraints, while public sector contracts involve extensive regulations imposed by the government.

Public Owners Authority Authority Contracting officials have limited authority Contracting officials have limited authority Contractor must be aware of that authority or risk not getting paid for services and materials provided outside that authority Contractor must be aware of that authority or risk not getting paid for services and materials provided outside that authority Contractor is responsible for determining contracting officers authority. Contractor is responsible for determining contracting officers authority. Sovereign Immunity Sovereign Immunity

Florida Public Contracts Sources of Information Sources of Information Florida Statutes Florida Statutes Administrative Procedures Act Administrative Procedures Act Department of Administrative Hearings Department of Administrative Hearings Agency/Department Policies and Procedures Manuals Agency/Department Policies and Procedures Manuals

PUBLIC CONTRACTS Competition - Florida It is common to have statutory requirements that Public sector contracts require competitive bidding. It is common to have statutory requirements that Public sector contracts require competitive bidding. According to the Florida Supreme Court, since the government is a major employer and is political in nature, there is an assumption that there may be impropriety and that the government cannot be trusted to meet and negotiate suitable terms without at least the appearance of impropriety or special favor. According to the Florida Supreme Court, since the government is a major employer and is political in nature, there is an assumption that there may be impropriety and that the government cannot be trusted to meet and negotiate suitable terms without at least the appearance of impropriety or special favor. Competitive bidding serves the dual purpose of safeguarding against favoritism toward a particular contractor and giving all a fair opportunity to participate. Competitive bidding serves the dual purpose of safeguarding against favoritism toward a particular contractor and giving all a fair opportunity to participate.

PUBLIC CONTRACTS Competition - Florida Florida statutory law requires competitive bidding, and the Florida District Court of Appeals has held that the government cannot split the contract into separate pieces to avoid the statutory monetary minimum (with exceptions for specialty work or work that requires special skills not found in the general market). Florida statutory law requires competitive bidding, and the Florida District Court of Appeals has held that the government cannot split the contract into separate pieces to avoid the statutory monetary minimum (with exceptions for specialty work or work that requires special skills not found in the general market). Further, Florida courts have held that a public body may not draw specifications in its bid request that would permit only one bidder to qualify for the project. Further, Florida courts have held that a public body may not draw specifications in its bid request that would permit only one bidder to qualify for the project.

PUBLIC CONTRACTS Competition - Florida (1) – “award contracts based on the submission of sealed bids, proposals submitted in response to a request for proposals, proposals in a response to a request for qualifications, or proposals submitted for competitive negotiation (1) – “award contracts based on the submission of sealed bids, proposals submitted in response to a request for proposals, proposals in a response to a request for qualifications, or proposals submitted for competitive negotiation (19) – Local bid law requires competition on all projects exceeding $200, (19) – Local bid law requires competition on all projects exceeding $200,000 NOTE: Competitive Bidding not required NOTE: Competitive Bidding not required

PUBLIC CONTRACTS Competition - Florida (1)COMPETITION - Generally, no common law requirement for competitive procurement in absence of constitution, statute, charter, ordinance, or rule requiring competitive procurement. (1)COMPETITION - Generally, no common law requirement for competitive procurement in absence of constitution, statute, charter, ordinance, or rule requiring competitive procurement. (2)Statutes, charters, and ordinances, however, generally require competitive procurement for construction contracts. (2)Statutes, charters, and ordinances, however, generally require competitive procurement for construction contracts. Florida Statutes (1) “County, municipality, district...or other political subdivisions of the state seeking to construct or improve a public building, structure or other public construction works must be competitively awarded to an appropriately licensed contractor for each project that is estimated in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles to have total construction project costs of more than $200, [T]he term ‘competitively award’ means to award contracts based on the submission of sealed bids, proposals submitted in response to a request for proposals, proposals in response to a request for qualifications, or proposals submitted for competitive negotiation.

PUBLIC CONTRACTS Competition - Florida COMPETITION can be: COMPETITION can be: Sealed Competitive Bid (IFB, ITB) Sealed Competitive Bid (IFB, ITB) Response to RFP Response to RFP Response to RFQ Response to RFQ Response to Request for Competitive Negotiation Response to Request for Competitive Negotiation FS FS

PUBLIC CONTRACTS FLORIDA Public bodies procurement procedures fall under various statutes, ordinances, rules, policies, procedures, codes, etc. Public bodies procurement procedures fall under various statutes, ordinances, rules, policies, procedures, codes, etc. A public procurement may fall under more than one agency’s jurisdiction. A public procurement may fall under more than one agency’s jurisdiction. Carefully confirm what the rules are for your specific procurement. Carefully confirm what the rules are for your specific procurement.

PUBLIC CONTRACTS FLORIDA Do not participate in preparing the invitation to bid or the request for proposals Do not participate in preparing the invitation to bid or the request for proposals If you are a would-be bidder or proposer, be careful about participating in developing specifications, invitation to bid, or request for proposals If you are a would-be bidder or proposer, be careful about participating in developing specifications, invitation to bid, or request for proposals Florida Statutes (10) “[a] person who...participates in the drafting of a solicitation or who develops a program for future implementation is not eligible to contract with the agency for any other contracts dealing with that specific subject matter, and any firm in which such person has any interest is not eligible to receive such contract” Florida Statutes (10) “[a] person who...participates in the drafting of a solicitation or who develops a program for future implementation is not eligible to contract with the agency for any other contracts dealing with that specific subject matter, and any firm in which such person has any interest is not eligible to receive such contract”

PUBLIC CONTRACTS FLORIDA 1. Review the invitation to bid or the request for proposal as soon as possible. Identify questions and concerns. 2. Be fully responsive 3. Be timely 4. Beware “lobbying” restrictions. 5. Be careful to avoid anti-competitive actions. 6. Attend pre-bid conference; appropriately ask clarifying questions

PUBLIC CONTRACTS FLORIDA Preparing and submitting the bid or proposal. Preparing and submitting the bid or proposal. 1. If the invitation to bid or request for proposal contains unacceptable terms, the invitation or request often requires a protest within so many days of the invitation or request being released 1. If the invitation to bid or request for proposal contains unacceptable terms, the invitation or request often requires a protest within so many days of the invitation or request being released Florida Statutes (3)(a) “[w]ith respect to a protest of the terms, conditions, and specifications contained in a solicitation, including the provisions governing the methods for ranking bids, proposals, or replies, awarding contracts, reserving rights of further negotiation, or modifying or amending any contract, the notice of protest shall be filed in writing within 72 hours after the posting of the solicitation...Failure to file a notice of protest...shall constitute a waiver of proceedings under this chapter” Florida Statutes (3)(a) “[w]ith respect to a protest of the terms, conditions, and specifications contained in a solicitation, including the provisions governing the methods for ranking bids, proposals, or replies, awarding contracts, reserving rights of further negotiation, or modifying or amending any contract, the notice of protest shall be filed in writing within 72 hours after the posting of the solicitation...Failure to file a notice of protest...shall constitute a waiver of proceedings under this chapter”

PUBLIC CONTRACTS FLORIDA Preparing and submitting the bid or proposal. Preparing and submitting the bid or proposal. 2. Responsive 2. Responsive Answer all questions; respond to all requests. Answer all questions; respond to all requests. It is best to mirror the request from the agency. It is best to mirror the request from the agency. 3. Timely response essential 3. Timely response essential Late responses will not be considered. Late responses will not be considered.

PUBLIC CONTRACTS FLORIDA PUBLIC CONTRACTS FLORIDA Preparing and submitting the bid or proposal. Preparing and submitting the bid or proposal. 4.Beware “lobbying” restrictions. 4.Beware “lobbying” restrictions. Miami “cone of silence” until award. Proposors may not contact anyone involved in the source selection process; evaluators may not respond or communicate with proposors. Miami “cone of silence” until award. Proposors may not contact anyone involved in the source selection process; evaluators may not respond or communicate with proposors. Orange County - A lobbying blackout period begins with the issuance of the solicitation and continues until the Board selects the successful proposer/bidder. Orange County - A lobbying blackout period begins with the issuance of the solicitation and continues until the Board selects the successful proposer/bidder.

PUBLIC CONTRACTS FLORIDA PUBLIC CONTRACTS FLORIDA Preparing and submitting the bid or proposal. Preparing and submitting the bid or proposal. 5. Avoid anti-competitive actions 5. Avoid anti-competitive actions Collusion between contractors destroys competition. Collusion between contractors destroys competition. “all agreements, whether principal or subsidiary in character, which in their necessary operation upon the actions of contractors engaged in bidding for public work, tend to restrain the natural rivalry and competition of the parties, and thus produce a result disadvantageous to the public, are against public policy and void.” “all agreements, whether principal or subsidiary in character, which in their necessary operation upon the actions of contractors engaged in bidding for public work, tend to restrain the natural rivalry and competition of the parties, and thus produce a result disadvantageous to the public, are against public policy and void.”

PUBLIC CONTRACTS FLORIDA PUBLIC CONTRACTS FLORIDA Preparing and submitting the bid or proposal. Preparing and submitting the bid or proposal. 6. Attend and participate in any pre-bid conference; if there are questions, request clarifications publicly. 6. Attend and participate in any pre-bid conference; if there are questions, request clarifications publicly. Issues which should have properly been raised during prebid activities will not be accepted as the basis for a post bid award protest. Issues which should have properly been raised during prebid activities will not be accepted as the basis for a post bid award protest.

PUBLIC CONTRACTS FLORIDA PUBLIC CONTRACTS FLORIDA AWARD of CONTRACT AWARD of CONTRACT Typically Typically Notice of Intent to award Notice of Intent to award

PUBLIC CONTRACTS FLORIDA Agency discretion in evaluating submissions. Agency discretion in evaluating submissions. Contracting officers have wide discretion in source selection decisions for public procurement. Contracting officers have wide discretion in source selection decisions for public procurement. Court does not wish to interfere with the day to day functioning of an agency Court does not wish to interfere with the day to day functioning of an agency Courts will overturn an agency award only when decision can be shown to be arbitrary, capricious, or beyond the scope of its discretion. Courts will overturn an agency award only when decision can be shown to be arbitrary, capricious, or beyond the scope of its discretion.

PUBLIC CONTRACTS FLORIDA PUBLIC CONTRACTS FLORIDA Agency discretion in evaluating submissions. Agency discretion in evaluating submissions. Award may be successfully protested when the agency: Award may be successfully protested when the agency: Does not evaluate and select on the basis of the criteria placed in the IFB or RFP; Does not evaluate and select on the basis of the criteria placed in the IFB or RFP; Does not evaluate all offerors equally; Does not evaluate all offerors equally; Does not evaluate respondent’s submission properly; Does not evaluate respondent’s submission properly; Makes a decision that is clearly erroneous. Makes a decision that is clearly erroneous.

PUBLIC CONTRACTS FLORIDA PUBLIC CONTRACTS FLORIDA Typical Evaluation Criteria. Typical Evaluation Criteria. Similar Experience Past Performance Evaluations Technical Proposal Price

PUBLIC CONTRACTS FLORIDA PUBLIC CONTRACTS FLORIDA AWARDING A BID AWARDING A BID Contractor must be: Contractor must be: Responsible Responsible Florida Statutes (24) “’[r]esponsible vendor’ means a vendor who has the capability in all respects to fully perform the contract requirements and the integrity and reliability that will assure good faith performance” Florida Statutes (24) “’[r]esponsible vendor’ means a vendor who has the capability in all respects to fully perform the contract requirements and the integrity and reliability that will assure good faith performance” Responsive Responsive Florida Statutes (12) “responsive bidder” or “responsive offeror” is “a person who has submitted a bid which conforms in all material respects to the invitation to bid or request for proposals” Florida Statutes (12) “responsive bidder” or “responsive offeror” is “a person who has submitted a bid which conforms in all material respects to the invitation to bid or request for proposals”

PUBLIC CONTRACTS FLORIDA PUBLIC CONTRACTS FLORIDA AWARDING A BID AWARDING A BID Most agencies reserve the right to reject all bids. Most agencies reserve the right to reject all bids. Agency may waive minor irregularities in bids. Agency may waive minor irregularities in bids.

PUBLIC CONTRACTS FLORIDA PUBLIC CONTRACTS FLORIDA AWARDING A BID AWARDING A BID PROTESTS – Florida state agencies Pre award Post award Florida state agencies subject to the Administrative Procedures Act (APA) Florida state agencies subject to the Administrative Procedures Act (APA) Florida Statutes (3) Florida Statutes (3) Not all jurisdictions subject to the APA. Counties and cities may have different protest procedures. Not all jurisdictions subject to the APA. Counties and cities may have different protest procedures. Duval County; City of Jacksonville Duval County; City of Jacksonville Department of Administrative Hearings Department of Administrative Hearings

PUBLIC CONTRACTS FLORIDA PUBLIC CONTRACTS FLORIDA AWARDING A BID AWARDING A BID PROTESTS POST AWARD – Florida state agencies Florida Statutes (3) Florida Statutes (3) Petitioner must file Notice of Protest in writing within 72 hours. Petitioner must file Notice of Protest in writing within 72 hours. Petitioner must file formal written protest within 10 days after Notice of Protest. Petitioner must file formal written protest within 10 days after Notice of Protest. Agency to stop procurement solicitation or award until decision or settlement of protest. Agency to stop procurement solicitation or award until decision or settlement of protest. Department of Administrative Hearings will hold a hearing within 30 days of protest, and produce recommended order within 30 days of hearing. Department of Administrative Hearings will hold a hearing within 30 days of protest, and produce recommended order within 30 days of hearing. Agency can accept or appeal recommended order. Agency can accept or appeal recommended order. Protestor can recover costs of successful protest and interest. Protestor can recover costs of successful protest and interest.

PUBLIC CONTRACTS FLORIDA PUBLIC CONTRACTS FLORIDA Contracting Officer Authority - Florida Contracting Officer Authority - Florida The case for written Change Orders - Sovereign Immunity The case for written Change Orders - Sovereign Immunity MEI’s extra work claims are for work totally outside the terms of the contract. Without a written change order, the doctrine of sovereign immunity precludes recovery for the cost of the extra work. One final point must be addressed. MEI asserts that the County waived the written change order requirements by directing work changes without following its own formalities. We decline to hold that the doctrines of waiver and estoppel can be used to defeat the express terms of the contract. Otherwise, the requirement of Pan Am that there first be an express written contract before there can be a waiver of sovereign immunity would be an empty one. An unscrupulous or careless government employee could alter or waive thee terms of the written agreement, thereby leaving the sovereign with potentially unlimited liability. MEI’s extra work claims are for work totally outside the terms of the contract. Without a written change order, the doctrine of sovereign immunity precludes recovery for the cost of the extra work. One final point must be addressed. MEI asserts that the County waived the written change order requirements by directing work changes without following its own formalities. We decline to hold that the doctrines of waiver and estoppel can be used to defeat the express terms of the contract. Otherwise, the requirement of Pan Am that there first be an express written contract before there can be a waiver of sovereign immunity would be an empty one. An unscrupulous or careless government employee could alter or waive thee terms of the written agreement, thereby leaving the sovereign with potentially unlimited liability. County of Brevard v. Miorelli Engineering, Inc., 703 So.2d 1049 (Fla.1997) Sovereign immunity bars a contractor recovering in quantum meruit against a government. See, e.g., Champagne-Webber, Inc. v. City of Fort Lauderdale, 519 So.2d 696 (Fla. 4th DCA 1988); Lee County v. Southern Roadbuilders, 495 So.2d 189 (Fla. 2d DCA 1986), review denied, 504 So.2d 768 (Fla. 1987) Sovereign immunity bars a contractor recovering in quantum meruit against a government. See, e.g., Champagne-Webber, Inc. v. City of Fort Lauderdale, 519 So.2d 696 (Fla. 4th DCA 1988); Lee County v. Southern Roadbuilders, 495 So.2d 189 (Fla. 2d DCA 1986), review denied, 504 So.2d 768 (Fla. 1987)

PUBLIC CONTRACTS FLORIDA PUBLIC CONTRACTS FLORIDA CONSULTANTS COMPETITVE NEGOTIATION ACT CONSULTANTS COMPETITVE NEGOTIATION ACT CCNA CCNA FS FS Selection method for engineers, architects, surveyors Selection method for engineers, architects, surveyors Applies to almost every public body in the state of Florida Applies to almost every public body in the state of Florida

PUBLIC CONTRACTS FLORIDA PUBLIC CONTRACTS FLORIDA CCNA CCNA Establishes both the process and the criteria to be used in selecting professional services Establishes both the process and the criteria to be used in selecting professional services For a “project” For a “project” The Contractor may not hire an engineer or architect to get around this statute The Contractor may not hire an engineer or architect to get around this statute

PUBLIC CONTRACTS FLORIDA PUBLIC CONTRACTS FLORIDA CCNA CCNA Three step process Three step process Public Announcement Public Announcement Typically the public announcement is the scope of the project Typically the public announcement is the scope of the project Competitive Selection Process Competitive Selection Process The criteria for selection is contained in the CCNA The criteria for selection is contained in the CCNA The agency will choose the three most qualifed firms The agency will choose the three most qualifed firms Competitive Negotiation Competitive Negotiation The agency may then negotiate with the first ranking firm for services. The agency may then negotiate with the first ranking firm for services. Fees may not be discussed until this step Fees may not be discussed until this step

PUBLIC CONTRACTS FLORIDA PUBLIC CONTRACTS FLORIDA Liquidated Damages Liquidated Damages May be enforced as long as May be enforced as long as not so excessive as to constitute a penalty and not so excessive as to constitute a penalty and damages were not ascertainable at the time the contract was entered into by the parties. damages were not ascertainable at the time the contract was entered into by the parties.

PUBLIC CONTRACTS FLORIDA PUBLIC CONTRACTS FLORIDA No Damage for Delay Clause No Damage for Delay Clause (1) Generally enforceable. See, e.g., Triple R Paving, Inc. v. Broward County, 774 So.2d 50 (Fla. 4th DCA 2000); C. A. Davis, Inc. v. City of Miami, 400 So.2d 536 (Fla. 3rd DCA 1981) (.”[t]he law in Florida is that so long as a public authority does not willfully or knowingly delay job progress it will avoid liability under a ‘no damage for delay’ clause”). (2) Generally strictly construed (3) But exceptions to enforcing no-damages-for-delay.. “Florida law recognizes several exceptions to the enforcement of a No Damage for Delay Clause, such as an owner’s or its agent’s knowing and unreasonable delay of a project, or interference with the project.” Metropolitan Dade County v. Frank J. Rooney, Inc., 627 So.2d 1248 (Fla. 3rd DCA 1993), citing Southern Gulf Utilities, Inc. v. Boca Ciega Sanitary District, 238 So.2d 458 (Fla. 2d DCA), cert. denied, 240 So.2d 813 (Fla. 1970). (4) Florida courts have permitted government contractors to use the Eichleay formula to recover unabsorbed home office overhead stemming from delays and inefficiencies.

PUBLIC CONTRACTS FLORIDA Differing Site Conditions Differing Site Conditions See JEA contract See JEA contract Clause will only be triggered where an inaccurate representation has been relied on Clause will only be triggered where an inaccurate representation has been relied on If there is no representation, there will be no recovery if the contractor relies on his own inadequate representation. If there is no representation, there will be no recovery if the contractor relies on his own inadequate representation.

Part V Public Contract Review Jacksonville Electric Authority (JEA) Jacksonville Electric Authority (JEA) Provides electric, water, and sewer for Duval County and the City of Jacksonville Provides electric, water, and sewer for Duval County and the City of Jacksonville Progressive procurement procedures Progressive procurement procedures Not subject to the Administrative Procedures Act (Florida Statutes) Not subject to the Administrative Procedures Act (Florida Statutes) Information on JEA, current solicitations, and contracts available online at nfo.asp Information on JEA, current solicitations, and contracts available online at nfo.asp nfo.asp nfo.asp

Public Contract Review ABOUT JEA ABOUT JEA Electric System JEA owns and operates three generating plants and all transmission and distribution facilities. A fourth power plant, the St. Johns River Power Park (SJRPP), is owned jointly by JEA and the Florida Power & Light Company (FPL) and operated by JEA. JEA and FPL are also joint owners of Unit 4 at Georgia Power Company's coal-fired Robert W. Scherer Plant (Plant Scherer), which is located in Macon, Georgia. JEA owns a 200 net megawatt share of Unit 4. JEA's ownership interest in Scherer is structured as a separate JEA bulk power supply system. In addition, JEA produces 3.2 megawatts from a methane-fueled generating facility at the Girvin Road Landfill. JEA's net generating capability is 2,361 megawatts. Electric System JEA owns and operates three generating plants and all transmission and distribution facilities. A fourth power plant, the St. Johns River Power Park (SJRPP), is owned jointly by JEA and the Florida Power & Light Company (FPL) and operated by JEA. JEA and FPL are also joint owners of Unit 4 at Georgia Power Company's coal-fired Robert W. Scherer Plant (Plant Scherer), which is located in Macon, Georgia. JEA owns a 200 net megawatt share of Unit 4. JEA's ownership interest in Scherer is structured as a separate JEA bulk power supply system. In addition, JEA produces 3.2 megawatts from a methane-fueled generating facility at the Girvin Road Landfill. JEA's net generating capability is 2,361 megawatts. Capacity expansion and renovation projects demonstrate JEA's commitment to environmental leadership, fuel diversification and rate stability. JEA's newest generating facility is Brandy Branch, located in west Jacksonville, home to three 170 megawatt combustion turbine units. These units are capable of operating on both natural gas and diesel fuel. Units1 and 2 went into commercial operation May 31, 2001, followed by Unit 3 on October 12, Capacity expansion and renovation projects demonstrate JEA's commitment to environmental leadership, fuel diversification and rate stability. JEA's newest generating facility is Brandy Branch, located in west Jacksonville, home to three 170 megawatt combustion turbine units. These units are capable of operating on both natural gas and diesel fuel. Units1 and 2 went into commercial operation May 31, 2001, followed by Unit 3 on October 12, The Northside Generating Station Repowering Project made Jacksonville home to two of the largest circulating fluidized bed combustors, or CFBs, in the world. These CFBs produce nearly 300 megawatts each and utilize coal and petroleum coke as fuels. The Northside Generating Station Repowering Project made Jacksonville home to two of the largest circulating fluidized bed combustors, or CFBs, in the world. These CFBs produce nearly 300 megawatts each and utilize coal and petroleum coke as fuels. Water and Sewer Systems JEA's Water System consists of 150 artesian wells tapping the Floridian Aquifer, which is one of the world's most productive aquifers. Water is distributed through 44 water treatment plants and 3,480 miles of water lines. More than 2,500 miles of collection lines and six regional sewer treatment plants comprise the JEA sewer system. Water and Sewer Systems JEA's Water System consists of 150 artesian wells tapping the Floridian Aquifer, which is one of the world's most productive aquifers. Water is distributed through 44 water treatment plants and 3,480 miles of water lines. More than 2,500 miles of collection lines and six regional sewer treatment plants comprise the JEA sewer system. JEA is committed to improving water quality of the St. Johns River. One outstanding example of how we're working to meet our goal to reduce nitrogen release into the river is through the use of reclaimed water for irrigation. JEA is committed to improving water quality of the St. Johns River. One outstanding example of how we're working to meet our goal to reduce nitrogen release into the river is through the use of reclaimed water for irrigation. The Energy Authority JEA is also a founding member of The Energy Authority (TEA), which was created in August 1997 to represent its member utilities in the sale and purchase of wholesale electricity. Today, TEA membership consists of 11 public power utilities in seven states. The Energy Authority JEA is also a founding member of The Energy Authority (TEA), which was created in August 1997 to represent its member utilities in the sale and purchase of wholesale electricity. Today, TEA membership consists of 11 public power utilities in seven states. Water and Sewer Expansion Authority The Water and Sewer Expansion Authority was established in 2003 for the purpose of addressing challenges experienced by the approximately 175,000 homeowners dependent upon septic systems in connecting to municipal water and sewer. Many of these septic systems are aged and failing, which not only causes difficulties for homeowners in those areas, but presents environmental challenges to Duval County creeks and waterways. Water and Sewer Expansion Authority The Water and Sewer Expansion Authority was established in 2003 for the purpose of addressing challenges experienced by the approximately 175,000 homeowners dependent upon septic systems in connecting to municipal water and sewer. Many of these septic systems are aged and failing, which not only causes difficulties for homeowners in those areas, but presents environmental challenges to Duval County creeks and waterways.

Public Contract Review Floradale Water Sewer and Drainage Improvements Floradale Water Sewer and Drainage Improvements WCS WCS Standard type of JEA contract Standard type of JEA contract Available online at /bid_info.asp Available online at /bid_info.asp /bid_info.asp /bid_info.asp

Public Contract Review RTFC RTFC THERE ARE NO “STANDARD” OR “TYPICAL” CONTRACTS OR SOLICITATIONS THERE ARE NO “STANDARD” OR “TYPICAL” CONTRACTS OR SOLICITATIONS The Engineer/Contractor at most risk is the contractor that assumes this contract is like the last 40 contracts. The Engineer/Contractor at most risk is the contractor that assumes this contract is like the last 40 contracts.

Public Contract Review Contract Review Contract Review Make a working copy of the contract. Make a working copy of the contract. Label it the working copy with your name on it Label it the working copy with your name on it Get a marker Get a marker Get several boxes of tabs Get several boxes of tabs Get several colors of ink pens Get several colors of ink pens Get a fresh cup of coffee/beverage Get a fresh cup of coffee/beverage

Public Contract Review Highlight all suspect clauses Highlight all suspect clauses Identify all questions Identify all questions Make notes with one color ink Make notes with one color ink Tab all pages with questions Tab all pages with questions Place a check at the bottom of all pages without a question Place a check at the bottom of all pages without a question When you find answers, go back to the questions and write down the answer and who provided the answer When you find answers, go back to the questions and write down the answer and who provided the answer

Public Contract Review Always keep your working copy Always keep your working copy Always call the agency to ask questions about the contract, but don’t rely on those answers exclusively Always call the agency to ask questions about the contract, but don’t rely on those answers exclusively Should you feel the need to consult with an attorney, mark the questions in the contract that concern you to focus their attention Should you feel the need to consult with an attorney, mark the questions in the contract that concern you to focus their attention

Contract Clauses Specific Issues Escalation Clauses Escalation Clauses Steel Steel Concrete Concrete Fuel Fuel Pay when paid Pay when paid Paperless contracting Paperless contracting

Disclaimer All rights are reserved. These materials are designed to provide general information on the seminar topic presented, and are provided with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering any legal or professional services. Although these materials are prepared by professionals, they should not be used as a substitute for professional services. If legal or other professional advice is required, the services of a professional should be sought.

Questions? Feel free to contact me Thanks to the Associated General Contractors for their support in providing slides and illustrations for this presentation. For additional information on the AGC visit their website at agc.org. James E. Krause, Attorney Regan Zebouni & Walker PA 9905 St Augustine Road, Suite 400 Jacksonville, Florida Direct Direct Mainline Cell