PROTIST KINGDOM

19.1-19.4 Vocabulary Protist:___________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 2. Protozoa: ________________________________________________________ Pseudopod:_______________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 4. Cilia:_____________________________________________________________ 5. Flagella:___________________________________________________________ 6. Heterotroph:_______________________________________________________

19.1-19.4 Vocabulary 7. Phagocytosis:_____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 8. Conjugation:_______________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 9. Algae: ________________________________________________________ 10. Slime Mold:_______________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 11. Water Mold:_______________________________________________________ 12. Decomposer:______________________________________________________

CHARACTERISTICS OF KINGDOM PROTISTA ________________________: All protist have ______________ a. Some have _________________________________ ________________________: Made up of one cell a. _________________ and some __________ are exceptions ________________________: Many are able to move _______________________: tail-like whip _______________________: hair-like structures _______________________ : “false feet” ________________________: ____________________ EUKARYOTIC A NUCLEUS MORE THAN ONE NUCLEUS UNICELLULAR ___________ NUCLEUS KELP ALGAE MEANS OF LOCOMOTION ___________ FLAGELLA FLAGELLA CILIA PSEUDOPODS __________ _____________________ CILIA CLASSIFIED BY NICHE PRODUCER PSEUDOPOD CONSUMER DECOMPOSER

3 PHYLA OF PROTIST ANIMAL-LIKE PROTIST Protazoa PLANT-LIKE PROTIST __________________________: CONSUMERS a. Also known as ___________________ __________________________: PRODUCERS __________________________: DECOMPOSERS Protazoa First Animal PLANT-LIKE PROTIST FUNGUS-LIKE PROTIST

SECTION 19.1 REVIEW Name the three main groups within the kingdom Protista. What characteristics distinguish each group from the other two? 2. Give two reasons why protists are hard to classify. 3. What observable traits might green algae and plants share that support the molecular evidence that these two groups are closely related? At one time, scientists grouped all single-celled organisms together. What are the main differences between single-celled protists and bacteria or archaea?

________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ANIMAL-LIKE PROTIST _____________________ number of species in Kingdom Protista Many ___________________ are shared between animal-like protist and animals. The KEY difference is their ___________________________ All animals are _____________________ All animal-like protist are ________________ ___________________-term often used to describe animal-like protist. PROTOZOA LARGEST SIMILARITIES BODY ORGANIZATION MULTICELLULAR UNICELLULAR PROTOZOA FIRST ANIMAL AMOEBA PARAMECIUM VORTICELLA DIDINIUM ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________

ANIMAL-LIKE PROTIST CONSUMERS All are ________________________: a. CAN NOT make their own ____________ Most have methods of ____________________ _____________________:Long “tail-like” projection _____________________:Tiny _______________ extensions _____________________:“________________” * ______________ extension from the main cell FOOD MOBILITY FLAGELLA CILIA HAIR-LIKE PSEUDOPODS FALSE FEET CYTOPLASMIC

AFRICAN SLEEPING ILLNESS 4 EXAMPLES OF ANIMAL-LIKE PROTIST ______________ _______________ _________________ ______________ AMOEBA PARAMECIUM TRYPANOSOME PLASMODIUM _________, __________, and eliminates _________ through PSEUDOPODS. MOVES _________ with cilia and sweeps _______ into oral grove with cilia MOVES PARASITIC ____________ protist that does not have a means of ____________. Classified as a ____________Causes ___________, which is passed on by a __________. Moves with _______________. Causes __________________________________ past on by a fly. FEEDS FLAGELLUM FOOD WASTES AFRICAN SLEEPING ILLNESS LOCOMOTION SPORAZOAN MALARIA MOSQUITO

AMOEBA One of two groups of protozoa that ______________________ as they move. Pseudopod: a temporary extension of _____________________ and plasma membrane. Allows amoeba to _____________ and _____________. ________________: process of _______________ which amoeba feed Lives in ____________ or _________ water and _____________. Most are ______________. Some are ______________ Can cause ______________________: Severe diarrhea as a result of _____________________ CHANGE SHAPE CYTOPLASM MOVE FEED PHAGOCYTOSIS INGESTION FRESH SALT _____________ PSEUDOPOD SOIL FREE LIVING _____________ NUCLEUS PARASITIC AMOEBIC DYSENTERY CONTRACTILE VACUOLE _____________ UNSANITARY WATER FOOD VACUOLE _______________

PARAMECIUM Known as a _________________ in the phylum _________________. Cilia: short, hair-like structures that cover some or all of the cell surface and help the organism ___________ and ____________ food. Food is swept into the ________________ and sent to the ________________. Food is digested in ___________________. _____________________________ control the amount of _______________ inside the cell. Contains two ____________________: ________________-controls cell’s structures and activities ________________-contain all of cells DNA CILIATE CILIOPHORA FOOD VACUOLE SWIM CAPTURE FOOD VACUOLE ORAL GROVE GULLET GULLET FOOD VACUOLE MACRO NUCLEUS ORAL GROVE 2 CONTRACTILE VACUOLES WATER CILIA NUCLEI MACRONUCLEUS WATER VACUOLE MICRONUCLEUS

WATER (CONTRACTILE) VACUOLE PARAMECIUM, (ANIMAL LIKE) CILIA ______________________ MACRO NUCLEUS PSEUDOPOD ________________________ MICRO NUCLEUS ______________ _______________ WATER (CONTRACTILE) VACUOLE _______________ MICRO NUCLEUS _______________ ANAL GROVE ORAL GROVE _______________ MACRO NUCLEUS _______________ _______________ FOOD VACUOLE FOOD VACUOLE ______________ AMOEBA, (ANIMAL LIKE) ________________________ ________________________ PARAMECIUM, (ANIMAL LIKE) _________________________________

SECTION 19.2 REVIEW Name and describe the three basic means of movement used by animal-like protists? 2. Describe how the parasite Plasmodium causes disease in humans. 3. In what ways are cilia and flagella similar? How do they differ? Why do amoebas form pseudopods only when the need them?

________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ PLANT-LIKE PROTIST All producers contain __________________ and can make their own _________________. Serveral differences between plants and plant-like protist: All plants are _____________________ Animal-like protist can be _____________ or _____________ Plants have specialized tissues for _____________________ Plant-like protists do not have the same _______________ or __________________________ parts as plants Many “phytoplankton” are a huge ______________________ for most _____________________ animals. Produce __________________ as a bi-product of photosynthesis CHLOROPHYLL FOOD MULTICELLULAR MULTICELLULAR UNICELLULAR ROOTS, STEMS, LEAVES TISSUES THE SAME REPRODUCTIVE FOOD SOURCE ACQUATIC OXYGEN ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________

4 EXAMPLES OF PLANT-LIKE PROTIST (all plant-like protist are called ALGAE) ______________ _______________ _________________ ______________ EUGLENA VOLVOX DIATOM DINOFLAGELLATE Single cell protists that live in a _________: a hollow ball with each protist having a ____________ Photosynthetic protist that has many different __________ and a _________, ____________ outer covering. Known as freshwater algae. Move with a ______________ Photosynthetic algae with ________ flagella. Causes “_____________” with over population. TWO COLONY SHAPES FLAGELLA HARD RED TIDE TWO PART FLAGELLA

EUGLENA One of the ______________ group of single-celled organisms that swim with _______________. Most found in _____________ water. Most are ___________________________ because they contain _________________ to produce their own food. Have an _______________ to help them sense ______________ for __________________ LARGEST FLAGELLUM FRESH AUTOTROPHIC CHLOROPHYLL EYESPOT LIGHT PHOTOSYNTHESIS

FLAGELLUM OF INDIVIDUAL CELLS VOLVOX DAUGHTER COLONY Single-celled plant-like protists that join together to form __________________ in the shape of a _____________________. Inside the parent colony, offspring are formed and known as“______________________” Individual cells have _______________ for mobility. COLONIES HOLLOW BALL INDIVIDUAL CELLS DAUGHTER COLONIES FLAGELLUM OF INDIVIDUAL CELLS FLAGELLA FLAGELLUM

DIATOM Plant-like _____________ that are covered with __________________, _____________________. Diatoms produce about ____________ of all the _____________ we breathe. Used in ________________ products. ALGAE A TWO PART GLASS-LIKE SHELL HALF OXYGEN INDUSTRIAL

SECTION 19.3 REVIEW Give and example of each of the following: a single-celled, a colonial, and a multi-cellular plant-like protist. 2. Many plantlike protists, or algae, reproduce sexually when conditions are harsh. Why might this be beneficial for a species? 3. If a multi-cellular organism contains chlorophyll c but no silica, to which phylum does it likely belong? Many biologists argue that the euglenoids should be classified as an animal-like protist rather than a plantlike protist. Explain.

FUNGUS-LIKE PROTIST ECOSYSTEM Play an important role in the ______________________ as ________________. Recycle ________________ and _______________ back into the soil for __________________ use. Difference between fungi and fungus-like protist is that fungus-like protist can __________________ during part of their life cycle while fungi ___________________________. DECOMPOSERS NITROGEN CARBON PLANTS MOVE CAN NOT MOVE

EUKARYOTIC UNICELLULAR ANIMAL-LIKE PLANT-LIKE FUNGUS-LIKE PROTIST Characteristics of Kingdom Protista: _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _________________________________ __________________________ NICHE: CELL ORGANIZATION: MOBILITY: METHODS OF LOCOMOTION: EXAMPLES: EUKARYOTIC UNICELLULAR ANIMAL-LIKE PLANT-LIKE FUNGUS-LIKE PRODUCER (AUTOTROPH) ________________ _________________ DECOMPOSER (HETEROTROPH) ________________ _________________ _________________ ________________ _________________ CONSUMER (HETEROTROPH) ________________ _________________ UNICELLULAR OR MULTICELLULAR ________________ UNICELLULAR UNICELLULAR ________________ MOST DURING CERTAIN POINTS IN LIFECYCLE _____________________________________________ SOME ________________ ________________ FLAGELLA PSEUDOPODS CILIA ______________ _______________ ________________ FLAGELLA PSEUDOPODS FLAGELLA ______________ _______________ __________ _____________ AMOEBA PARAMECIUM _________________________ EUGLENA VOLVOX DIATOM _______________ SLIME MOLD

2. Plant –like protists (Algae). All are producers….contain chlorophyll and can make their own food. Many “phytoplankton” are a huge food source for most aquatic animals 1. Euglena chloroplasts Freshwater algae flagella eyespot Reproduction by fission

2. Diatom Salt water algae Also called “brown algae” Photosynthetic protist that has a hard outer covering that looks like ______________________. This material does not decay, and is very useful to other organisms’ diets. Shiny glass-like material This gritty material is used in cleaning products.

3. Kelp (Brown seaweed) Also called multi-cellular brown algae, and can be eaten for food. The only multi-cellular protist Kelp forest off the coast of California in Monterey bay

4. Dinoflagellates Photosynthetic algae that are also classified as red or brown algae. “red tide” Overpopulation can cause _______________ An overproduction of dinoflagellates can cause “pollution” of water. This can effect the quality of water and fish-life in that area. It is cause by a sudden change in water temperature that causes a dramatic increase in dinoflagellate reproduction.

Other green algae Volvox Spirogyra Live in colonies known for their spiraling chloroplasts and grow to many centimeters long Spirogyra

3. Fungus-like protists Decomposers Grow on decaying material, such as logs and leaves on the forest floor. * Unlike fungus kingdom because of their cell wall The Potato Famine in Ireland in 1840’s was caused by Phytophthora infestans, fungus-like protist.

SECTION 19.4 REVIEW In what ways are slime molds and water molds similar to fungi? 2. Describe how slime molds help other organisms within an ecosystem obtain nutrients. 3. Make a three-column chat comparing plasmodial slime molds, cellular slime molds, and water molds. Why doesn’t spraying water on slime molds work to destroy them?

PROTIST SUMMARY TRAITS ANIMAL-LIKE PLANT-LIKE FUNGUS-LIKE EUKARYOTIC Protists have many different ___________________. Protists can be classified into ______________________, ______________________, and ______________________ phyla. All protists are ______________________ organisms, most of which are _________________________. Most animal-like protists can __________________, but all need to take in __________________. They can reproduce by _________________, _________________, and/or _________________. Some protists are plantlike. They produce _____________________ to make their own ____________________. As a bi-product, they produce _____________________ as well. These protists are considered the primary __________ ______________ for other organisms. Some will have a _________________________ to help them move about. The protists classified as fungus-like protest include _______________________. They are _______________________ and live off of ______________________. TRAITS ANIMAL-LIKE PLANT-LIKE FUNGUS-LIKE EUKARYOTIC UNICELLULAR MOVE ABOUT FOOD FISSION CONJUGATION SPORES CHLOROPHYLL FOOD OXYGEN FOOD SOURCE FLAGELLA