1. PROTISTS

2. Protists Protists: Unicellular eukaryotic organisms.
Over 115,000 species
Eukaryotic cells - contain membrane-bound organelles (particularly mitichondria & chloroplasts)
Protists & eukaryotes probably evolved from a large eukaryotic cell ingesting a photosynthetic and oxygen metabolizing bacteria
Known as endosymbiotic theory
Two major classes of protists
Animal-like protists
Plant-like protists

3. Animal-like Protists Phylum Ciliophora (Cilia bearing protists)
Aka "ciliates"
Have cilia (short hairlike structures) on their plasma membranes
Cilia rapidly beat and provide propulsion for the protist.
Over 7000 species in this phylum.
Example is paramecium.

4. Paramecium Large organisms ~305 micrometers long Important features:
Have 2 nuclei
Macronucleus (large)
Micronucleus (smaller)
Feed by forcing H2O into Gullet forming food vacuoles
Excrete wastes through anal pore
Excrete excess water through use of contractile vacuoles
Move by coordinated movement of hair-like cilia.

5. More Paramecium

6. Phylum Sporozoa Usually parasitic in nature
Example is Plasmodia which causes malaria.
One of the most deadly diseases to man
Malaria is transmitted by the Anopheles mosquito.

7. Lifecycle of Plasmodia

8. Phylum Sarcodina Protists with false feet
Use extensions of cytoplasm to move and feed.
Extensions are called pseudopods (false feet)
Movement is by extending pseudopod, then the remainder of cytoplasm flows into extension.
Feeding is done by extending 2 pseudopods around object and engulfing object, forming a food vacuole
Examples are amoebas (amebas)

9. Amoebas

10. More amoebas

11. Plant-like Protists 5 phyla of plant-like protists
Are usually photosynthetic, and also heterotrophic.
All are unicellular, most are motile
Example: Phylum Euglenophyta

12. Phylum Euglenophyta Example is euglena. Has a flagellum, is motile
Is both heterotrophic & autotrophic
Contains chloroplasts & is photosynthetic.
Can become heterotrophic in low-light conditions

13. Euglena

14. Dinoflagellates Have 2 flagella for motility
Often have a cellulose covering

15. Diatoms Most abundant form of marine algae.
Form elaborate silicon (glass) shells to protect themselves
Shell is porous to allow materials in/out of the cell.

16. Multicellular / Other Algae
Are not generally true multicellular organisms, but rather "colonies"
Show beginnings of specialized functions / tissues
3 types
Green algae
Red Algae
Brown algae

17. Green algae (Chlorophyta)
Contain chlorophyl a & b
Most frequently found in fresh water
Often colonial
Volvox: a green colonial algae

18. Red Algae (Rhodophyta)
Found in salt/brackish water
Have additional pigments which give them a reddish color.
In uncontrolled blooms, these organisms can cause serious ecological damage
Red algeal bloom

19. Brown Algae (Rhodophyta)
Most Plant-like of all algae.
Include kelps
Can grow to huge sizes (100')
Most primitive plant like organism to show alternation of generations.
Giant Kelp Forest

20. Fungus like Protists: Fungus like Protists: Act as decomposers
Often have a slimy appearance/texture, hence their name.
3 types:
Plasmodial slime molds
Cellular slime molds
Water molds

21. Plasmodial Slime Molds
Can grow very large, however, is still a single cell (with many nuclei)
Feeding stage is called a plasmodium.
Forms fruiting bodies under stress.

22. Cellular Slime Molds: Cellular Slime Molds:
Exists a majority of its life cycle as an amoeba
In  times of stress these amoebas unite to form a Pseudoplasmodium, which crawls to another location (slug form), and forms a fruiting body

23. Water molds: Water molds: Completely aquatic Often decomposers
Sometimes parasitic
Water mold attacking a fish