FIGURE 1-1 Electrical system: (a) block diagram; (b) pictorial diagram. Dale R. Patrick Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved.

FIGURE 1-2 Sources of electrical energy (a) batteries-convert chemical energy into electrical energy; (b) fossil-fueled steam plant in Paradise, Kentucky-converts mechanical energy and heat energy into electrical energy; (c) solar cells-convert light energy into electrical energy. [(a) Courtesy of Union Carbide Corp.; (b) courtesy Tennessee Valley Authority; (c) courtesy of International Rectifier.] Dale R. Patrick Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. (a)

FIGURE 1-2 continued Sources of electrical energy (a) batteries-convert chemical energy into electrical energy; (b) fossil-fueled steam plant in Paradise, Kentucky-converts mechanical energy and heat energy into electrical energy; (c) solar cells-convert light energy into electrical energy. [(a) Courtesy of Union Carbide Corp.; (b) courtesy Tennessee Valley Authority; (c) courtesy of International Rectifier.] Dale R. Patrick Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. (b)

FIGURE 1-2 continued Sources of electrical energy (a) batteries-convert chemical energy into electrical energy; (b) fossil-fueled steam plant in Paradise, Kentucky-converts mechanical energy and heat energy into electrical energy; (c) solar cells-convert light energy into electrical energy. [(a) Courtesy of Union Carbide Corp.; (b) courtesy Tennessee Valley Authority; (c) courtesy of International Rectifier.] Dale R. Patrick Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. (c)

FIGURE 1-3 Distribution path for electrical power from its source to here it is used (Courtesy of Kentucky Utilities Co.). Dale R. Patrick Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved.

FIGURE 1-4 Common control devices: (a) miscellaneous types of switches; (b) potentiometers-partial control. [(a) Courtesy of Eaton Corp., Cutler-Hammer Products; (b) courtesy of Allen-Bradley Co.] Dale R. Patrick Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. (a)

FIGURE 1-4 continued Common control devices: (a) miscellaneous types of switches; (b) potentiometers-partial control. [(a) Courtesy of Eaton Corp., Cutler-Hammer Products; (b) courtesy of Allen-Bradley Co.] Dale R. Patrick Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. (b)

FIGURE 1-5 Common electrical loads (a) light bulbs-converts electric energy into light energy; (b) heat pump home heating system- converts electrical energy into heat energy; (c) electric motor-converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. [(a) Courtesy of Philips Lighting Co.; (b) courtesy of Williamson Co.; (c) courtesy of Delco Products Division-General Motors Corp.] Dale R. Patrick Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. (a)

FIGURE 1-5 continued Common electrical loads (a) light bulbs-converts electric energy into light energy; (b) heat pump home heating system-converts electrical energy into heat energy; (c) electric motor-converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. [(a) Courtesy of Philips Lighting Co.; (b) courtesy of Williamson Co.; (c) courtesy of Delco Products Division-General Motors Corp.] Dale R. Patrick Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. (b)

FIGURE 1-5 continued Common electrical loads (a) light bulbs-converts electric energy into light energy; (b) heat pump home heating system-converts electrical energy into heat energy; (c) electric motor-converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. [(a) Courtesy of Philips Lighting Co.; (b) courtesy of Williamson Co.; (c) courtesy of Delco Products Division-General Motors Corp.] Dale R. Patrick Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. (c)

FIGURE 1-6 Electrical indicators (a) analog meter; (b) digital millimeter; (c) chart recorder that makes a permanent record of some quantity. [(a) Courtesy Of Triplett Corp.; (b) courtesy of B & K Precision Corp.; (c) courtesy of Gould Inc., Instruments Division, Cleveland, Ohio.] Dale R. Patrick Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. (a)

FIGURE 1-6 continued Electrical indicators (a) analog meter; (b) digital millimeter; (c) chart recorder that makes a permanent record of some quantity. [(a) Courtesy Of Triplett Corp.; (b) courtesy of B & K Precision Corp.; (c) courtesy of Gould Inc., Instruments Division, Cleveland, Ohio.] Dale R. Patrick Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. (b)

FIGURE 1-6 continued Electrical indicators (a) analog meter; (b) digital millimeter; (c) chart recorder that makes a permanent record of some quantity. [(a) Courtesy Of Triplett Corp.; (b) courtesy of B & K Precision Corp.; (c) courtesy of Gould Inc., Instruments Division, Cleveland, Ohio.] Dale R. Patrick Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. (c)

FIGURE 1-7 Cutaway drawing of a flashlight. Dale R. Patrick Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved.

FIGURE 1-8 Electrical power system. Dale R. Patrick Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved.

FIGURE 1-9 (Continued) List of the elements (Courtesy of Sargent-Welsh Scientific Co. Dale R. Patrick Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved.

FIGURE 1-10 Structure of matter. Dale R. Patrick Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved.

FIGURE 1-11 Hydrogen atom. Dale R. Patrick Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved.

FIGURE 1-12 Carbon atom. Dale R. Patrick Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved.

FIGURE 1-13 Water formed by combining hydrogen and oxygen (a) hydrogen atoms; (b) oxygen atom; (c) water molecule. Dale R. Patrick Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. (a)(b)(c)

FIGURE 1-14 Electrostatic charges (a) positive changes repel; (b) negative charges repel; (c) positive and negative charges attract. Dale R. Patrick Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved.

FIGURE 1-15 Van de Graaff generator (Courtesy of Westinghouse Electric Corp.). Dale R. Patrick Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved.

FIGURE 1-16 Electrostatic generator-Van de Graaff type (Courtesy of Sargent-Welch Scientific Co.). Dale R. Patrick Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved.

FIGURE 1-17 Electroscope (Courtesy of Sargent-Welsh Scientific Co.). Dale R. Patrick Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved.

FIGURE 1-18 Types of insulators (Courtesy of Foxboro Co.). Dale R. Patrick Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved.

FIGURE 1-19 Testing electrical power line insulators (Courtesy Lapp Insulator, Leroy, NY). Dale R. Patrick Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved.

FIGURE 1-20 Comparison of (a) conductors; (b) insulators: and (c) semiconductors. Dale R. Patrick Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved.

FIGURE 1-21 Current flow through a conductor. Dale R. Patrick Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved.

FIGURE 1-22 Current flow in a closed circuit. Dale R. Patrick Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved.

FIGURE 1-23 Comparison of electrical current and water flow: (a) water pipes; (b) electrical conductors. Dale R. Patrick Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved.

FIGURE 1-24 Resistor used in electrical circuits (Courtesy of Allen-Bradley Co.). Dale R. Patrick Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved.

FIGURE 1-25 Water pipes showing the effect of resistance: (a) water pipe 1-many drops of water flow through; (b) water pipe 2-only a few drops of water flow through. Dale R. Patrick Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved.

FIGURE 1-26 How lamp filament size affects current flow: (a) low resistance. Dale R. Patrick Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved.