Adam Joseph Lewis Center for Environmental Studies Agents of Change Radiant Intervention

Team Mauve Peter Marks, KSU Bruce Haglund, U Idaho Eden Trenor, Oberlin David Ogoli, Judson Marc Schiler, USC Daniela Moebius, SCAD Jessica Boehland, Green Building Inc.

Abstract Mean Radiant Temperature (MRT) and illuminance readings were taken in the atrium space of the AJLC to determine the effectiveness of the movable solar shading device.

Introduction Energy Consumption Materials: Atrium East Wall Questions?

Energy Consumption 7% Interior Lighting energy consumption. 53% HVAC energy consumption. Question: What causes the high HVAC energy consumption?

Materials: Atrium East Wall The Center’s atrium windows: -Triple-paned for reduced heat loss -Filled with argon gas, for insulation Covered with low-emissivity coating to reflect unwanted heat. -R-value=7 Standard single or double pane windows: -R-value=from A movable shading device is used to shield from excessive solar radiation. Question: Is the shading device effective?

Glazing Specifications: Visible light transmittance: 46% Solar transmittance: 17% Solar reflectance out: 8% U-V light transmittance: 5% Winter nighttime U-value:.13 Summer daytime U-value:.15

Questions: What are contributing factors of the high HVAC energy consumption? Why is there so much glass on the eastern side of the building? How efficient is the movable shading device on the interior of the atrium?

Hypotheses Hypothesis 1 The shading devices on the eastern wall of the atrium do not reduce radiant gain significantly (>50%). Hypothesis 2 The shading devices on the eastern wall of the atrium do not reduce the illuminance on the floor.(>50%) Hypothesis 3 The shading devices on the eastern wall of the atrium do not reduce the passage of visible light through the screen. (.50%)

Methodology 1 4 Hobo dataloggers were set along the eastern wall of the atrium to measure temperature, global mean radiant temperature (and relative humidity) every 2 minutes for 5:00 am to 12:00 noon. Team Mauve established 28 16” x 16” floor squares distributed evenly across the eastern section of the atrium floor measuring 171” x 3200.” Every thirty minutes from 9:30am to 12:00 noon, a Raytek Ranger portable infrared pyrameter was used to read the surface temperature of each point.

Methodology 2 Every thirty minutes from 9:30 am to 12:00 noon, Team Mauve measured the illuminance of the 28 gridded floor points using both an OSRAM Sylvania Light Meter for shaded sections and a Minolta T1-H Illuminance Meter for sections in direct sunlight

Methodology 3 1. Every thirty minutes from 9:30 am to 12:00 noon we measured the solar radiation contacting the exterior surface of the eastern glass of the atrium. A LiCor Quantum Pyranometer was placed on the exterior surface and a 10-second average readout was measured. 2. The interior solar radiation that passed through the glass was measured by placing the Pyranometer against the interior glass facing outside at the same height the exterior reading was taken, and a 10-second average readout was measured. 3. A third 10-second average was measured at the same height against the atrium side of the screen. (continued...)

Methodology 3 ( continued …) Visible light transmission through the screen was measured using both an OSRAM Sylvania Light Meter for shadier periods and a Minolta T1-H Illuminance Meter for sunnier periods. These light meters were held vertically against the exterior surface of the eastern glass wall, the interior of the same glass and the atrium side of the screen, all at the same height.

Considerations The following changes would have improved accuracy of data collection: access to three calibrated light meters to be launched simultaneously, use of luminance meter wristwatches light meters with working batteries and hold buttons less variance of cloud-cover measuring luminance instead of illuminance to give an idea of glare issues

cloudy

cloudy (brighter)

cloudy (emergence of sun)

sunny (shadows seen)

sunny (varying to cloudy)

. Floor Temperature Observations: Highest near south and east walls Higher later in the day Increased everywhere through day at a consistent rate (2 degrees F over 3 hours) Effective thermal mass

sunny (varying to cloudy)

cloudy (brighter)

Floor Illumination Observations: Highest near south and east walls Higher later in the day Increased more dramatically in unshaded areas than in shaded areas

Mean Radiant Temperature Observations: Radiant temperature between glass and shade increased steeply compared to radiant temperature in unshaded area. Radiant temperature behind the shade increased at a lower rate than radiant temperature in the unshaded area. The shading device effectively blocks radiant heat gain. This disproves our hypothesis.

Observations on Infrared and Visible Radiation Through Glass and Shading: INFRARED Incident radiation increased through the day. Meanwhile, transmitted radiation through glass and radiation remained nearly constant. The shading was three times more effective for direct radiation than for diffuse radiation. VISIBLE RADIATION Incident radiation increased through the day. Meanwhile, transmitted radiation through glass and radiation remained nearly constant. The shading was two times more effective for direct radiation than for diffuse radiation.