1. Climate and Architecture Dr. Abdelrahman Elbakheit
References
العناصر المناخية و التصميم المعمارى, د. سعيد عبد الرحيم سعيد بن عوف .1
2. العمارة و المناخ , د. هاشم عبود الموسوى
3. Climate considerations in buildings and urban Design. Baruch Givoni

2. Sun Shading Devices:
The sun is the main source of Radiation (i.e., Energy).
Sun Radiation is used by plants to produce food.
Sun Radiation used by our bodies to generate vital vitamins.
Sun radiation can generate electricity by solar cells..
Etc…
Earth Movements:
-Earth Moves about it’s Axis, Once in a day.
-Earth Moves about the Sun, Once in a year or 12 Month.
-Sun apparent Seasonal movement is between 23.5°N and S of the equator. -

4. Sun Shading:
The main objective of sun shading is to Stop Sun Radiation from reaching inside buildings, when outside temperatures are above comfort levels.
Two Main Effects of Solar Radiation on buildings: Direct through windows and Openings
In Direct through opaque surfaces e.g. walls etc…
Through windows:
Light and heat from Solar radiation can be transmitted by : Direct Radiation.
Reflected Radiation. As in Hot Dry Climate
Diffused Radiation. As in Hot Humid climate.
All three can be stopped by external shading devices.
In addition to this:
- Type of Glazing.
- Internal shading Devices.
- Building Forms.
- Trees and adjacent structures.

5. Types Of Shading Devices:
Horizontal Shading Devices.
Vertical Shading Devices.
Combined Shading Devices

9. Sun Angles:
Sun angles at Noon in both Autumn and Spring ( March and September) = (90°- Latitude of city). …..1
Sun angle at noon in Winter = 1 above – 23.5°.
Sun angle at noon in summer = 1 above °