MULTICORE PROCESSOR TECHNOLOGY

 Introduction  history  Why multi-core ?  What do you mean by multicore?  Multi core architecture  Comparison of Different Architectures  Single Core vs. Multicore  What is a 64 bit chip?  Performance analysis CONTENTS Part 1 Part 2

 Advantages & Disadvantages  Application  Future aspect  Conclusion  References of work Part 3 Part 4

Multi-core processors represent a major evolution in computing technology. They are several mostly independent cores which work together in parallel This important development is coming at a time when businesses and consumers are require it benefits offered by these processors due to the exponential growth of digital data and the globalization of the Internet. performance and productivity benefits beyond the capabilities of today’s single-core processors. Introduction Part 1

The first commercial dual core processor was IBM's Power 4 processor for it's RISC servers in The first dual core processor for home use was Intel's Pentium Processor Extreme Edition 840, released in early April Less than two weeks later AMD brought their Opteron 800 Series and Athlon 64 X2 processors to market. History

Why multi-core pocessor-? Once upon a time, when human realized that in a normal atmosphere,it is not possible to increase the CPU’s clock speed after above standard level (generally at a frequency about 4Ghz the CPU would get too hot and take a lot of electricity). Because of too much heat generated by CPU both Intel & AMD faced problem. High clock speed means high heat & resulted boom the CPU.

Faster processing is the basic reason,so that’s why technology shifted towards the Multicore processor rather than increase the clock frequency. It was decided to put more than one processor on a single die. That is what we call two core or dual core.

A multi-core microprocessor is one which combines two or more independent processors into a single package, often a single integrated circuit. A Multi-core computing A dual-core device contains only two independent microprocessors. What do you mean by Multi core?

If multi means two or more, what types are there? A dual-core processor contains two cores. A quad-core processor contains four cores. A processor with all cores on a single die is called a monolithic processor.

Multi core architecture Part 2

11 Comparison of Different Architectures CPU State Cache Execution unit Single Core Architecture

CPU State Cache Execution unit CPU State Cache Execution unit Comparison of Different Architectures Multiprocessor

13 Comparison of Different Architectures CPU State Cache Execution unit Hyper-Threading Technology CPU State

14 Comparison of Different Architectures CPUa State Cache Execution unit Multi-Core Architecture CPU State Cache Execution unit

15 Comparison of Different Architectures CPU State Execution unit Multi-Core Architecture with Shared Cache CPU State Cache Execution unit

16 Comparison of Different Architectures Multi-Core with Hyper-Threading Technology CPU State Cache Execution unit CPU State Cache Execution unit CPU State

Threading & Non-threading technology

Single Core vs. Multicore

What is a 64 bit chip? A 64-bit processor means that it can handle 64 bits of data at one time. A 64-bit processor can handle more intensive programs than a 32-bit. The 64-bit processor also supports more memory than a 32-bit processor. 32-bit CPUs can generally handle up to 4GB of memory, with the ability to process 2GB of memory at a time while a 64-bit system can utilize more significantly

Performance Analysis

Multi-tasking productivity it will work faster for certain programs PC security Cool and quiet The signals between different CPUs travel shorter distances, therefore they degrade less More features can be added to the computer Advantages Part 3

They do not work at twice the speed as a normal processor. They get only 60-80% more speed. The speed that the computer works at depends on what the user is doing with it. They cost more than single core processors. They are more difficult to manage thermally than lower-density single-core processors. Disadvantages

Applications Video editing Encoding. 3D gaming. Powerful graphics solution Optimized productivity titles, such as AVG's virus-scanning software. The full effect and the advantage of having a multi-core processor, when it is used together with a multithreading operating.

Multicore Challenges Having multiple cores on a single chip gives some challenges. Power and temperature management Memory/cache coherence is another challenge And finally, using a multicore processor to its full potential is another issue

Next-generation software applications will require the performance capacity provided by multi-core processors. Software destined to break barriers in the user experience, like as Voice recognition Artificial intelligence (AI) That will be only possible by multi-core processors Future aspect

In the next years the trend will go to multi-core processors more and more. The main reason is that they are faster than single-core processors and they can be still improved., but added interesting new problems. But in the future there will be still some applications for single-core processors because not every system needs a fast processor. Conclusion Part 4

References R. Merritt, “CPU Designers Debate Multi-core Future”, EETimes Online, February 2008, R. Merritt, “Multicore Puts Screws to Parallel-Programming Models”, EETimes Online, February 2008, R. Merritt, “X86 Cuts to the Cores”, EETimes Online, September 2007, R. Merritt, “Multicore Goals Mesh at Hot Chips”, EETimes Online, August 2007, P. Frost Gorder, “Multicore Processors for Science and Engineering”, IEEE CS, March/April 2007 D. Geer, “Chip Makers Turn to Multicore Processors”, Computer, IEEE Computer Society, May 2005 [5] L. Peng et al, “Memory Performance and It has been taken from various sources

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