1. 64 BIT COMPUTING By: Kapil Kaushik VIII Sesmester(IT)

2. What is 64-bit computing ?
Enhancing the processing word in the architecture to 64 bits.
Doubling the data processed in a clock cycle doesn’t means the processor is now twice as fast.
Data processing speed does not change yet the data processed in a clock cycle increases two times.
The addressable memory increases from 4 GB to 264 which equals to 18 billion GB.

3. History of 64 Bit Computing
The first proper 64-bit system was IBM's 7030 Stretch computer, in 1961.
By early 1970’ 64-bit computing was being used in high-end server setups, processing setups, and super-computers.
In 1994 Intel announced its first plans to move to 64-bit on its servers by joint venture with HP.
64-bit hit the desktop market with AMD's launch of the Opterons and Athlon 64 chips in 2003.Though these chips were not ‘Pure’ 64 bit.

4. 32-bit vs. 64-bit Processors

5. Benefits of 64-bit Computing
Allowing applications to store vast amount of data in main memory.
Manipulating data and executing instructions in chunks that are twice as large as in 32-bit computing.
Allowing complex calculations with a high-level precision.
Can address large amount of memory and thus use flat memory model.

6. Practical Uses of 64-bit computing

7. Is 64-bit Computing necessary ?
Since systems with memory greater than 4 GB are becoming common so there’s a greater push towards 64 bit computing

8. Requirements for 64-bit computing
To run a 64 bit application we need :
A 64-bit processor
A 64 bit operating system
64 bit drivers

9. 64-bit processor architectures from Intel and AMD
Pure 64-bit architectures :
IA 64
Other 64-bit architectures :
AMD 64
EM64T/Intel 64

10. What’s Pure and why ?
Intel IA 64 is the pure 64 bit architecture and has a word length of 64 bits.
It can only execute 64 bit applications.
Architectures like AMD 64 and EM64T are extended version of the x-86 architecture and use 16 bit word lengths and are backward compatible with 32 bit and 16 bit applications

11. 64-bit Registers

12. Disadvantages of 64-bit computing
The main disadvantage of pure 64-bit computing is that relative to 32-bit architectures, the same data occupies more space in memory (due to swollen pointers and possibly other types and alignment padding). This increases the memory requirements of a given process and can have implications for efficient processor cache utilization.

13. Conclusion
64-bit computing is a necessary technology in the computer science areas which require larger memory and increased performance such as scientific computing, CAD,Large Databases etc.
64-bit will continue to be the technology of choice for various organisations for years to come.

14. Some Helpful Links http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/64-bit

15. Thank you .

16. Queries ?