1. Intel CPU for Desktop PC: Past, Present, Future
Cheng-Han Du

2. Moore’s Law Proposed by Intel co-founder Gordon Moore
The number of transistors that can be inexpensively placed on an integrated circuit is increasing exponentially, doubling approximately every two years.
Similar phenomena can be observed in other computer-related technology.

3. Intel-Based CPU: The Past
80286
80386
80486
Pentium
Pentium Pro, 2, III (Celeron)
Pentium 4, Pentium D
Pentium Dual-Core, Core 2

4. 80286 Great performance improvement compared with its predecessor
16-bit architecture
CPU clock: 6 ~ 25 MHz
1.5 micron process
Milestone of personal computing

5. 80386 32-bit architecture CPU clock: 16 ~ 40 MHz
1.5 ~ 1.0 micron process

6. 80486 Pipelining Cache-in-chip CPU clock: 16 ~ 100 MHz
0.8 micron process

7. Pentium (P5) Superscalar – two pipes 64-bit data path
U – Handle any instructions
V – Handle the simplest and most common instructions
64-bit data path
Not 64-bit instruction set
CPU clock: 60 ~ 300 MHz
0.8 ~ 0.25 micron process
MMX (later models)

8. Pentium Pro, 2, III (P6)
Focus on enhancement of multimedia and gaming performance.
CPU clock: 150 ~ 1400 MHz
0.5 ~ 0.13 micron process
Competitor: AMD K5, K6, K6-2

9. Pentium 4, Pentium D (NetBurst)
CPU clock: 1.3 ~ 3.8 GHz
0.18 ~ micron process
Fierce competition against AMD’s Athlon
Focus on high clock rate
Pentium D
Dual-core (2X1)
CPU clock: 2.66 ~ 3.73 GHz
90 ~ 65 nm process
Hyperthreading

10. Pentium Dual-Core, Core 2 (Core)
Dual-core or Quad-core
CPU clock: 1.6 ~ 3.2 GHz
65 or 45 nm process
Focus on performance per clock

11. Recent Problem on CPU Current leakage Heat and cooling
Power consumption
Process size and physical limit

12. Future Development Near-term Long-term More cores  parallelism
Smaller size
Long-term
Optical bus
Optical processor
Clockless CPU

13. Other Possible Way?
Next time: video card