Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática (INEGI), Mexico The Integrated Approach to Economic Statistics “ The Mexican Approach” Friends of the Chair Group on Integrated Economic June 2007

Introduction The General Bureau of National Accounts Basic Economic Data Economic Census An integrated system of surveys Benefits Other economic surveys National Construction Industry Survey Monthly Survey of Commercial Establishments Monthly Industrial Survey Monthly Services and Transportation Surveys 2006 Data dissemination National Economic Surveys (NES)

Territory of 2 millions square kilometers. Introduction Mexico’s size Population of 103 millions inhabitants. 3 millions establishments counted by economic censuses. GDP: commerce and services 70%, industry 26% and primary sector 4%.

32 state offices: collection and data entry to the system. Introduction INEGI’s structure 10 regional offices: coordination, supervision and link INEGI to informants as well as to the state and municipality authorities of the region. Central office in the city of Aguascalientes: gives norms and methodological proce- dures; disseminates the information.

The General Bureau of National Accounts Background National Accounts provide a set of Statistical data for the purpose of economic analysis, decision taking and policy making. It is widely used as indicator of economic activity and measures the performance of the economy and other important parameters such as GDP/GNP, Investment, Savings, Inflation etc. The Mexican System of National Accounts The Quinquennial exercises like construction of Input Output Table and the Annual Institutional Sector Accounts shows the inter-industry transactions and flows of transactions among the institutions such as general government, household, NPIs, Financial and Non-financial Sectors. Some other functions are the compilation of Regional accounts and the production of economic indicators.

Basic Economic Data An example of this, is the Mexican Bulletin of Statistical Information, publication that offers recent and accurate information on the most relevant aspects of the Mexican economy. The topics covered in the publication are: Economic Activity Employment and Wages Prices External Sector Money and Banking Financial Markets Public Finance Communications and Transportation International Indicators The information contained in this bulletin has been compiled from various national and international sources.

Basic Economic Data  Short-term Economic Indicators  Aggregate Economic Information  Seasonally Adjusted Indicators  Employment and Unemployment  Industry  Commerce  Communications and Transportation  External Sector  Competitiveness Indicators in the Manufacturing Industry  Medium-term Economic Indicators  Economic Census  Surveys

Economic Census Background The Economic Census profiles the Mexican economy every 5 years, from the national to the local level. The economic statistics that most people are familiar with – like retail sales, Gross Domestic Product, and many others – have their origins in the data that are collected in the 5-year Economic Census. It began to be developed in Mexico since 1930, year in which was performed the first Industrial Census. The last Economic Census was done in 2004 and in 2009 will start the next. Purpose The Economic Census is indispensable to understanding Mexico´s economy. It insures the accuracy of the statistics we rely on for sound economic policy and for successful business planning.

Manufacturing Survey (1963). Survey on Building Firms (1983). Survey on Commercial Establishments (1983). Monthly Survey on Management Opinion (manufacturing) (2007). Survey on Services (non financial private services and the transporting sector) (2007). An Integrated System of Surveys Economic surveys’ background Annual and Monthly Continuous Surveys in Establishments

Different conceptual frames and questionnaires among surveys. Some overlaps in information requests between the economic censuses, the monthly and annual surveys. Teams of work were duplicated among surveys. Irregular load assignment among interviewers. Economic surveys’ background

Inefficient use of time, caused by long distances between establishments or firms developing in the same economic sector. People for collecting and other to entry data into computers. Difficult to obtain productivity indicators. If the firm was involved in different sectors (manufacturing, commerce and services), several interviews. Economic surveys’ background

Provide useful, high-quality and timely primary statistics, through continuous surveys, integrated to economic censuses and administrative registers in order to: Satisfy national and international needs of statistical information. Satisfy national accounts requirements. General objective of National Economic Surveys (NES) An integrated surveys’ system A multidisciplinary group elaborated the scheme of all surveys.

Integrate NES to economic censuses. Common methodological criteria among surveys. Consideration on historical comparisons. Provide useful information to national accounts compiling. Permanent NES modernization. Observe international standards for the collection and dissemination of statistics. Specific objectives of National Economic Surveys (NES) An integrated surveys’ system

The major changes took place in: Conceptual and sample frame Data collecting and analysis An integrated surveys’ system

Assure conceptual and nomenclature homologation. Apply standardized concepts in surveys according to SNA Homogeneous measurement of production among activities in manufacturing (transformation and in-ward processing). The North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) in surveys and economic censuses. Conceptual frame Reengineering towards an integrated surveys system One area in charge of conceptual design for surveys, economic censuses and administrative registers.

Common variables: occupied personnel, wages and salaries, income and expenditure, worked days and fixed capital. Specific variables: For example, volume and value of products in manufacturing, transported passengers in the transporting sector, works carried out in construction, and clients and suppliers in commerce. Reengineering towards an integrated surveys system Conceptual frame Questionnaires with a common part and other with specific variables.

Reengineering towards an integrated surveys system Conceptual frame No repetitive information requirements among monthly surveys, annual surveys and economic censuses. A unique instructive for the questionnaire filling. Design of a unique automatic validation criteria for all surveys. Interviewers’ training: real time and long distance courses. Preparation of instruments and documents that facilitated the performance of all the parties involved.

Reengineering towards an integrated surveys system Sample Frame Substitution of the old frame for that provided by 2003 economic censuses.

Conceptual and sample frame Data collecting and analysis An integrated surveys’ system

It was created the figure of “the universal interviewer”. In the case of firms involved in several sectors, just one interviewer collects the information in a single visit. Interviewers also entry the data into the computers. Generation of reports on the performance of all operative personnel. Homologation of wages among interviewers. Data Collecting Reengineering towards an integrated surveys system

One team supervises coverage advances. Implementation of internet collecting: mainly in large firms. Data collecting Reengineering towards an integrated surveys system Personnel were reallocated setting up a group of experts in sectors dedicated to the treatment and analysis of data. Data treatment and analysis

Greater control on interviewer performance. Optimization of resources and time. A knowledge increase of interviewers on the sectors involved. People in the central office got specialized in conceptual design, operative strategy or treatment and analysis. It was a reduction of informants’ load. An incorporation of new technologies in processes. Benefits Immediate Benefits

National Construction Industry Survey* * Encuesta Nacional de la Industria de la Construcción. (ENIC) Background The survey, conducted in the form of a questionnaire, is composed of four sections: valuation history, company profile, financial statement data and valuation data. Information gathered from the questionnaires will remain confidential. Data is obtained through the affiliated companies in the Mexican Chamber of the Construction Industry (CMIC). The purpose of the surveys is to obtain recent, reliable and accurate information in the Commercial and Institutional sectors of the construction industry. Objective The Survey is designed to provide a reference guide used to estimate or determine the value of the construction industry as a whole.

Monthly Survey of Commercial Establishments* Background Started in 1983 in Mexico City's Metropolitan Area; and in 1984, the project was extended to the metropolitan areas of Guadalajara and Monterrey. In 1993, the coverage was stretched out to 15 cities. It reached a total of 33 cities by Scope of the Survey The purpose of the Survey is to investigate the actual situation of the Mexican commerce industry. The survey covered establishments belonging to two Major groups: wholesalers and retailers, in the short term. Companies report data for activity taking place during each previous month. * Encuesta Mensual sobre Establecimientos Comerciales

Monthly Industrial Survey* Background Beginning in 1964, in order to provide up-to-date information about manufacturing conditions in Mexico, INEGI developed a monthly survey of manufacturing plants. Establishments in the manufacturing sector are often described as plants, factories, or mills and typically use power-driven machines and materials-handling equipment. General Framework Data of manufacturing industry is widely used by government agencies as well as private sectors for policy planning. Survey results reveal changes in several indicators of manufacturing activity, including production and shipments, employment, productivity and identify changes in prices of raw materials and finished products. * Encuesta Industrial Mensual. (EIM)

MONTHLY SERVICES AND TRANSPORTATION SURVEYS 2006

Tertiary Sector has an important share in the economy representing around 70% in terms of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) 1 generated by the country. The INEGI, in consequence, realize several studies in order to measure the sector's performance, by means of: Economic Census, Through the Mexico’s National Accounts System From the Monthly Services Survey (MSS) and their corresponding structural projects with yearly periodicity. Introduction: Source: INEGI, Mexico’s National Accounts System

Economic importance of the sector Source: INEGI, Mexico’s National Accounts System

Background of the Monthly Services Survey design: Updating directory of economics units, according to Economic Census Framework of UN on International Recommendations on Statistics. OECD recommendations. Application and implementation of NAICS Consult to internal and external users of the Survey. Methodological foundation See recommendations

 To obtain indicators of Incomes, Expenses, Labor Force Employed and Wages. Main Objectives  To serve as indicator of the economic performance of services and transports.  To serve as an input (basic statistics) for the estimate of Mexico's National Accounts System.  To serve as an input to generate indicators of the sector’s economic situation. Specific Objectives Objectives

For the private sector as an input of market and financial feasibility studies. For the public sector in the design and assessment of the economic policy and about the orientation of the public resources and design of social attention programs. For INEGI, to be used in National Accounting. For foreign consultants and international bureau organizations, in the orientation of capital flows and programs of multilateral support. Usefulness

Group of surveys NAICS Industry group Tourism related services.13 Professional Services. 14 Rental and warehousing services.3 Educational Services.6 Freight transportation and Courier Services. 8 Health Services.2 Telecommunications.11 Total Industry groups object to the survey 57 Financial Services (by administrative records) 11 Total Industry groups: 68 Services and Transportation groups, selected activities Sectorial Surveys Selection criteria: The design sample is characterized being deterministic for 48 Industry groups of activity, with an average cover of 77% of the value of the census incomes, and by probabilistic design for 9 Industry groups.

NAICS Industry Title 4811Scheduled air transportation. 4812Non scheduled air transportation. 4852Interurban and rural passenger transportation. 5321Automotive Equipment Rental and leasing. 5615Travel arrangement and reservation services. 7131Amusement parks and arcades. 7211Traveler accomodation. 7212(Recreational vehicle) Parks and recreational camps. 7213Rooming and boarding houses. 7221Full-Service Restaurants. 7222Limited-Service Eating places. 7223Special Food Services. 7224Drinking places (alcoholic beverages). Tourism related services Industry groups with probabilistic design.

NAICS Industry Title 5413Architectural, engineering and related services. 5414Specialized design services. 5415Computer systems design and related services. 5416Management, scientific and technical consulting services. 5417Scientific research and development services. 5418Advertising and related services. 5419Other professional, scientific and technical services. 5511Management of companies and enterprises. 5611Office administrative services. 5612Facilities support services. 5613Employment Services. 5616Investigation and security services. 5617Services to buildings ans dwellings. 8131Civic, professional and similar organizations. Professional Services Industry groups with probabilistic design.

NAICS Industry Title 4931Warehousing and storage. 5312Offices of real estate agents and brokers. 5324Commercial and industrial machinery and equipment rental and leasing. Rental and warehousing services

NAICS Industry Title 6111Elementary and secondary schools. 6112Junior colleges. 6113Colleges, universities and professional schools. 6114Bussines schools and computer and management training. 6115Technical and trade schools. 6116Other schools and instruction. Industry groups with probabilistic design. Educational Services

NAICS Industry Title 4821Rail transportation. 4831Sea transportation. 4832Inland water transportation. 4841General freight road transportation. 4842Specialized freight road transportation. 4885Intermediation services for freight transportation. 4921Foreign courier services. 4922Local courier services. Freight Transportation and Courier Services Industry groups with probabilistic design.

NAICS Industry Title 6221General medical and surgical hospitals. 6223Speciality hospitals. Health Services

NAICS Industry Title 5111Newspaper, periodical, book and database publishers. 5121Motion picture and video industry. 5122Sound recording industries. 5151Radio and television broadcasting. 5152Cable and other suscriptions programming. Telecommunications, 1/2

NAICS Industry Title 5161Internet and publishing broadcating. 5171Wiret telecommunications carriers. 5172Wiretless telecomunications carriers. 5175Cable and other program distribution Internet services providers and web search portals. 5182Data processing hosting and related services. Telecommunications, 2/2

NAICS Industry Title 5211Central Bank. 5221Depository credit intermediation. 5222Nondepository credit intermediation. 5223Credit unions. 5224Other institutions of credit and financial intermediation. 5225Activities related to credit intermediation. 5231Security and commodity contracts intermediation and brokerage. 5232Security and commodity exchanges. 5239Investment banking and securities dealing. 5241Insurance carriers. 5242Agencies, brokerages and other insurance related activities. Financial Services 1 1/ Collected by administrative records.

Scope Geographic Issues Periodicity National representativeness Worked days. Personnel who belong to the firm. Personnel who does not belong to the firm. Compensations. Expenses on goods and services consumption. Expenses not derived from the activity. Revenues for services rendered and goods sold. Revenues not derived from the activity. Monthly

Reporting formats Two questionnaries differentiated by generic activity Services and Transportation and Courier Services Value of supplied services by type Annual reporting NAICS industry NAPCS product lists Services Transportation and courier services Services. Transportation and courier services: Ground passenger and truck transportation. Air transportation. Water transportation. Rail transportation. Couriers and messengers.

Thematic issues by project Thematic issues MonthlyAnnual I.Worked days. II.Personnel who belong to the firm. III.Personnel who does not belong to the firm. IV.Compensations. V.Expenses on goods and services consumption. VI.Expenses not derived from the activity. VII.Revenues for services rendered and goods sold. VIII.Revenues not derived from the activity I. Value of the production. II. fixed assets III. Characteristics of the service. IV. Service opinion. V. Value of supplied services by type.

Deterministic design for 48 Industry group of activity: a)Total coverage For the following NAICS codes, 4812, Non scheduled air transportation, 4821, Rail transportation, 4831, Sea transportation and 5161, Internet and publishing broadcating, with a cover of 100%. b)Middle coverage It was included economic units with greater participation in the value income, until obtaining a equal or higher of 80%. b)Lower- middle coverage Is considered with low coverage, the NAICS code of activities whose participation in income is greater or equal to 70% and minor to 80%. Statistical Design

Probabilistic, to the industry code: 4841, General freight road transportation. 4842, Specialized freight road transportation. 5419, Other professional, scientific and technical services. 6111, Elementary and secondary schools. 6116, Other schools and instruction. 6111, Elementary and secondary schools. 7221, Full-Service Restaurants. 7222, Limited-Services eating places. 7224, Drinking places.

The probabilistic scheme of sampling is stratified, with random and independent selection for each one of the activity branches to consider the total of income, and responds to the following parameters: Confidence level: 95% Relative Error:10% Non response:10% It was used the Neyman´s method for the distribution of the sample in each layer, and includes with certainty layer 1 with economic units. Statistical Design

Collection Scheme The MSS data collection according to the new framework of the conceptual, statistical design and sample (7.792 economic units), contemplates two slopes, that are: Interview method (entry data by the interviewer, into the Intranet System). Collecting by Internet, (direct entry from the informant by Internet System). In both cases, the information is delivered and valided by electronic means, by direct input data Internet/Intranet, as well as in a direct way by the informant in the Internet system.

Activities Conceptual design Identification of objectives and reaches of the project. Redesign of the reporting formats. Statistic design NAICS Industry selection. Sample selection and directory. Data collection in field Economic Units Verification in field (location, economic activity code, and observation unit). Continuous collection. Enter data By Internet/Intranet. Information dealing out Treatment, validation and analysis data (research activities). process certified by the quality standard: ISO 9001:2000. Outcome Generation (summer of 2006). Monthly series, first 12 months and firs semester of Indicators. Absolutes values. Ratios. process certified by the quality standard: ISO 9001:2000. Activities and results generation

Process certified under ISO 9001:2000 International Standard

National Occupation and Employment Survey (monthly and quarterly): Typology of labor markets under the SNA Institutional Sector framework. National Survey on Consumer Confidence (monthly). National Household Income and Expenditures Survey (biannual). Other economic surveys (in households)

Household Income and Expenditure Survey* Background The National Household Income and Expenditure Survey, is one of the most representative household surveys in Mexico, collected approximately every two years, since These series constitutes the longest running household surveys collected using a common and representative methodology at national level. General Purpose Reliable information on income and expenditures is critical for the calculation of national and state accounts, thus playing an important role in producing national and state development plans. In addition to these specific uses, the survey provides government and private planners with a wealth of economic data. * Encuesta Nacional de Ingreso Gasto de los Hogares. (ENIGH)

Monthly and quarterly data are disseminated through a year- advance release calendar. Currently working in a calendar for annual surveys and national accounts information. Metadatas and methodologies are posted on INEGI’s and IMF DSBB´s websites. Press bulletins, electronic publications, hard copies, CD´s, data bases and on-line systems. IMF standards are observed. Data dissemination