Jump to first page ©2003, Darby Dickerson. License given for educational use. Cite & Source Steps and Strategies

Jump to first page What Is a Cite & Source? n Process by which law review members, for each piece selected for publication, u check the substantive accuracy; u check the technical accuracy; u check the validity of cited sources; u eliminate grammatical and typographical errors.

Jump to first page Importance n This is the only substantive check of an article by the law review.

Jump to first page Don’t Assume Papers Are in Good Shape n Student papers are often in better technical shape than professional papers. n Professors: u Write papers quickly. u Sometimes do not care about citation form. u Use student assistants. u Solicited papers often contain more errors. Our papers are all solicited.

Jump to first page Preliminary Matters n We’re using the ALWD Citation Manual. n Review instructions from editor. u Note the deadline. n Check library hours. n Get needed supplies (PIN number). n Know who else is working on the piece and learn where sources are kept. n Make a working copy.

Jump to first page Understand the Article n Read the entire article once through -- quickly. n Identify the portions for which you are responsible. n Identify unusual sources and check on those first.

Jump to first page Review Text for Errors n Grammar (errors, not preferences). n Typographical errors. n Inadequate support (missing footnotes). n Style errors.

Jump to first page Style Manuals n Internal law journal guides. n Redbook (Bryan Garner). n Chicago Manual of Style.

Jump to first page Text Checklist n Footnote placement. n Typeface. n Quotations. n Numerals. n Symbols. n Case names. n Publication names. n Statutes.

Jump to first page Checklist Continued n Typographical consistency. n Proper names. n Headings. n Table of contents. n Other style matters. n Proofread for small details.

Jump to first page Locate All Sources n Your school’s library. n Other local libraries. n Interlibrary loan. n Online. n Author. n Other.

Jump to first page Substantive Check n Carefully check the text against each source for accuracy. n You must locate and review the pertinent section of each source. n No one else will do this. n Do not skip sources. n You are our firewall against plagiarism.

Jump to first page Quotations n Check each letter. n Was emphasis added? n Were letters or words altered? n Was material omitted? n Please, please, please be careful!

Jump to first page Ask the Following: n Does the source say what the author says it does? n Does the source provide the extent of support the author says it does? n Is the cited material actually quoting another source? n Are page numbers accurate and complete?

Jump to first page More Questions n Are any paraphrases really direct quotations? n Are additional explanatory parentheticals required or needed? n Do you think we need to add extra footnotes? u ALWD footnote guidelines (Rule 44).

Jump to first page Next Steps n Copy the sources. u It’s best to use print sources rather than online versions. u Get supplements. n Highlight pertinent portions. n Organize the material.

Jump to first page Verify Validity n Shepardize or KeyCite. u Print out and attach to source. u Highlight negative history. n Check supplements. n Find the most recent editions.

Jump to first page Technical Accuracy n Put each citation in ALWD form. n Don’t guess. n You might need to draw analogies.

Jump to first page Checklist n Signals. n Order of authorities within a signal. n Abbreviations and spacing. n Typeface. n Full v. short citation. n Numbers and symbols. n Capitalization. n Supplements.

Jump to first page Checklist - Continued n Explanatory parentheticals. n Internal cross-references. n Quotations. n Specific rules for specific sources. u Use the green checklist.

Jump to first page Plagiarism n Using another’s words, thoughts, ideas, or structure without proper attribution. u Citations. u Quotations.

Jump to first page Plagiarism Tip-Offs n Changes in font style or size. n Unusual spacing between lines. n A cross-reference to a footnote that does not exist. n Pre-16th edition Bluebook citation format. n Long stretches without footnotes. n Citations from older sources.

Jump to first page More Red Flags n False references. n Hanging quotations. n Quotations without citations. n Portions of paper are written in clearly different styles. n Text appears to expound on a “primary” source but footnotes refer only to secondary sources.

Jump to first page Other Problems n Self-plagiarism. n Staff member misconduct. n Editor misconduct. n Confidentiality.

Jump to first page Prepare Cover Memo n Your name. n Date. n Title of assigned article. n Footnotes you handled. n List of still-missing sources and your efforts to obtain them. n List of substantive problems. n List of validity problems.

Jump to first page Cover Memo Contents n List of problem citations and the rules you used. n Follow-up areas. n Any other helpful information.

Jump to first page Final Matters n Make sure your work is legible. n If you recopy, have someone help you proofread the changes. u If you lose the changes, we might not ever find them again. n Meet the deadline. n Record time accurately. n Request feedback. u Re-do policy. u Evaluation form.

Jump to first page A Few Last Words n This is an important job. n We’re depending on you. n Let’s look at a sample.