Louisiana Purchase 1803

I. The Louisiana Territory had belonged to the Spanish until 1802 when it was given to France in A secret treaty. I. The Louisiana Territory had belonged to the Spanish until 1802 when it was given to France in A secret treaty. a. Spain had given trade rights to The Mississippi and New Orleans in Pinckney's Treaty but now those rights were being cancelled, The Mississippi and the Port of New Orleans were critical to American trade in the West. a. Spain had given trade rights to The Mississippi and New Orleans in Pinckney's Treaty but now those rights were being cancelled, The Mississippi and the Port of New Orleans were critical to American trade in the West. b. France according to Jefferson was a threat to America because of the colonial ideas of its emperor Napoleon b. France according to Jefferson was a threat to America because of the colonial ideas of its emperor Napoleon c. Jefferson sought to acquire the Port of New Orleans and Florida from France c. Jefferson sought to acquire the Port of New Orleans and Florida from France

d. Congress authorized $2,000,000 for purchase d. Congress authorized $2,000,000 for purchase 1. Jefferson authorized Robert Livingston to pay $10,000,000 for New Orleans and West Florida 1. Jefferson authorized Robert Livingston to pay $10,000,000 for New Orleans and West Florida 2. Napoleon controlled his New World empire from Santo Domingo 2. Napoleon controlled his New World empire from Santo Domingo 3. Slaves led by Toussaint Louverture staged a rebellion against the plantation owners and declared a republic 3. Slaves led by Toussaint Louverture staged a rebellion against the plantation owners and declared a republic

a. France sent troops that captured Louverture but could not regain control of the island and it became Haiti as the French were driven out a. France sent troops that captured Louverture but could not regain control of the island and it became Haiti as the French were driven out b. Napoleon now had little hopes for an empire in America and as costs rose in his war against Britain he chose to sell to America b. Napoleon now had little hopes for an empire in America and as costs rose in his war against Britain he chose to sell to America

1. France offered all of Louisiana and New Orleans to the US for $15,000, France offered all of Louisiana and New Orleans to the US for $15,000, Monroe and Livingston posed the deal to Jefferson 2. Monroe and Livingston posed the deal to Jefferson 3. Jefferson was concerned whether he had the power to make such a purchase under the constitution. 3. Jefferson was concerned whether he had the power to make such a purchase under the constitution. a. He did so under the powers to create treaty a. He did so under the powers to create treaty

New Acquisition

Slavery Governing Louisiana was more difficult than acquiring it. Since the slave trade had yet to be abolished, there were large slave populations in several slave states. Because of this, there were widespread fears that American slaves would follow the example of those in Saint-Domingue, and revolt. Southerners wanted slavery legalized in Louisiana, so they could ship their slaves to the new territory and reduce the threat of future slave revolts. Jefferson agreed and allowed slavery in the acquired territory, which laid the foundation for the crisis of the union a half century later. Governing Louisiana was more difficult than acquiring it. Since the slave trade had yet to be abolished, there were large slave populations in several slave states. Because of this, there were widespread fears that American slaves would follow the example of those in Saint-Domingue, and revolt. Southerners wanted slavery legalized in Louisiana, so they could ship their slaves to the new territory and reduce the threat of future slave revolts. Jefferson agreed and allowed slavery in the acquired territory, which laid the foundation for the crisis of the union a half century later.

Statehood Example set by Northwest ordinance to ban slavery is ignored Example set by Northwest ordinance to ban slavery is ignored Missouri petitions for statehood Missouri petitions for statehood

The Missouri Compromise In 1819, a time of serious economic problems, President Monroe was faced with another crisis. Missouri was the first state to be carved out of land acquired through the Louisiana Purchase, which Monroe had helped negotiate in It was on the verge of being admitted to the Union at a time when there were 22 states. Eleven states allowed slavery and 11 did not. There was an argument in the U.S. Congress about whether Missouri should or should not allow slavery. In 1819, a time of serious economic problems, President Monroe was faced with another crisis. Missouri was the first state to be carved out of land acquired through the Louisiana Purchase, which Monroe had helped negotiate in It was on the verge of being admitted to the Union at a time when there were 22 states. Eleven states allowed slavery and 11 did not. There was an argument in the U.S. Congress about whether Missouri should or should not allow slavery.

the Senate and House of Representatives worked out a deal that allowed Massachusetts' northernmost counties to apply for admission to the Union as a non- slave state called Maine while Missouri would be admitted as a slave state. the Senate and House of Representatives worked out a deal that allowed Massachusetts' northernmost counties to apply for admission to the Union as a non- slave state called Maine while Missouri would be admitted as a slave state.

Senate equal With the admission of Missouri and Maine to the Union, the number of slave states and non-slave states remained equal at 12 each, which prevented the South from having more representation in the Senate With the admission of Missouri and Maine to the Union, the number of slave states and non-slave states remained equal at 12 each, which prevented the South from having more representation in the Senate

In addition, slavery would be forbidden north of the latitude line that runs along the southern Missouri border for the remaining Louisiana Territory (36 o 30 ’) In addition, slavery would be forbidden north of the latitude line that runs along the southern Missouri border for the remaining Louisiana Territory (36 o 30 ’)

Postponing the conflict In the end, the Missouri Compromise led to the creation of a total of nine new states that would never allow slavery (out of a total of 14 states, or parts of states, that were carved out of land acquired through the Louisiana Purchase) In the end, the Missouri Compromise led to the creation of a total of nine new states that would never allow slavery (out of a total of 14 states, or parts of states, that were carved out of land acquired through the Louisiana Purchase)

Excerpt from the Missouri Compromise, 1820 SEC. 8. And be it further enacted. That in all that territory ceded by France to the United States, under the name of Louisiana, which lies north of thirty-six degrees and thirty minutes north latitude, not included within the limits of the state, contemplated by this act, slavery and involuntary servitude, otherwise than in the punishment of crimes, whereof the parties shall have been duly convicted, shall be, and is hereby, forever prohibited: Provided always, That any person escaping from slavery...may be lawfully reclaimed and conveyed back to the person (slave owner)... SEC. 8. And be it further enacted. That in all that territory ceded by France to the United States, under the name of Louisiana, which lies north of thirty-six degrees and thirty minutes north latitude, not included within the limits of the state, contemplated by this act, slavery and involuntary servitude, otherwise than in the punishment of crimes, whereof the parties shall have been duly convicted, shall be, and is hereby, forever prohibited: Provided always, That any person escaping from slavery...may be lawfully reclaimed and conveyed back to the person (slave owner)... After the Fugitive Slave Act was passed, if a runaway slave was caught, they had to be sent back to their "owners" by law. After the Fugitive Slave Act was passed, if a runaway slave was caught, they had to be sent back to their "owners" by law.

While the Missouri Compromise seemed to settle an issue at the time, its full impact still lay years in the future. The issue of slavery was far from settled, and further compromises and Supreme Court decisions would play a role in the great debates over it. While the Missouri Compromise seemed to settle an issue at the time, its full impact still lay years in the future. The issue of slavery was far from settled, and further compromises and Supreme Court decisions would play a role in the great debates over it. And while Thomas Jefferson, writing in retirement in 1820, had feared the Missouri Crisis would shatter the Union, his fears were not fully realized for another four decades, when the Civil War erupted and the slavery issue was ultimately settled. And while Thomas Jefferson, writing in retirement in 1820, had feared the Missouri Crisis would shatter the Union, his fears were not fully realized for another four decades, when the Civil War erupted and the slavery issue was ultimately settled.