Review Ch 12

1 After growing a carbohydrate rich grain that uses soil nitrogen immediately growing a nitrogen-fixing plant like a legume to protect and rejuvenate the topsoil. Hydroponics Intercropping Alley cropping Perennial polyculture Cover crops

2 Growing crops between rows of trees Hydroponics Intercropping Alley cropping Perennial polyculture Cover crops

3 Growing plants by exposing the roots to nutrient rich water instead of soil Hydroponics Intercropping Alley cropping Perennial polyculture Cover crops

4 Creates oxygen-demand waste in waterway systems from manure run-off Animal feed lots Aquaculture Plantation farming Genetic engineering of plants Organic farming

5 Destroys mangrove systems and estuaries to provide space needed Animal feed lots Aquaculture Plantation farming Genetic engineering of plants Organic farming

6 Deficiencies in protein and other key nutrients is known as: Undernutrition Malnutrition Hunger Starvation Caloric overdraft

7 Dangerous strains of disease organisms can develop from of which of the following agricultural practices? Using herbicides in mechanized large-scale grain farming Using plant-based insecticidal compounds on vegetable crops Growing crops that are genetically modified for increased yield Increasing use of legumes into crop rotation protocols Incorporating antibiotics into the feeding regimens of densely population livestock

8 The factor that indicates the GREATEST cause of malnutrition and hunger is: Poverty Location Age Gender Blood pressure

9 An ecological control to pests that uses a mix of cultivation, biological, and chemical practices. Integrated pest management Organic farming Pheromone therapy Green revolution agriculture Genetic resistance management

10 Even with enough calories, chronic malnutrition can lead to I compromised mental development II increased susceptibility to nonfatal infectious disease III stunted growth I only II only III only I and II only I, II, and III

11 Which of the following is NOT a health problem associated with overnutrition Compromised mental development Lower life expectancy Lowered immune system Increased susceptibility to disease Lower productivity

12 In 1970 global fish catch for a small coastal New England community was 290 tons; in 1990 it was 300 tons. Which of the following values is the closest to the percent increase in fish catch 3.5% 10% 96% 110% 203%

13 Which of the following is the correct listing of the three food sources that provide more than half of the world’s caloric intake. Wheat, soybeans, potatoes Corn, potatoes, rice Wheat, rice, corn Rice, potatoes, cheese Wheat, rice, potatoes

14 All of the following are examples of alternatives to the use of pesticides EXCEPT: Implanting genetic resistance Biological control with natural enemies Confuse insects with pheromones Boomerang effect scalding

15 Which statement concerning soil erosion is INCORRECT? Soil erosion is a major environmental concern due to the slow rate of topsoil renew In many areas of the world soil is eroding faster than it can be formed The loss of topsoil increases the soil’s ability to store nutrients Erosion of topsoil through surface water runoff creates sediment pollution in rivers and streams The movement of flowing water and wind causes most soil erosion

16 Which of the following is true of farm-raised salmon? They are genetically more diverse than their wild counterparts They seldom escape from their containment areas They have no impact on the quality of water in which they are raised They are often infected with parasites and sea lice They are maintained at lower population densities than are wild salmon

17 The layer(s) of soil in which most of the humus and soil organisms are contained I leaf litter II topsoil III subsoil I only II only I and II only II and III only I, II, and III

18 Which of the following is LEAST likely to alleviate desertification problems? Increased use of industrialized high input monoculture Reduce overgrazing of animals used for meat production Utilization of conservation-tillage farming practices Building wind-breaks or shelter belts around crop fields Reduce irrigation needs by water conservation practices

19 Which of the following is not associated with the green revolutions Genetically engineered high-yield varieties of key crops World grain production tripled between 1950 and 1985 Increase in the number of crops grown per year on a single plot of land Use of large inputs of fertilizer, pesticides, and water Increase in crop rotation between harvesting

20 Methane released from meat production practices is a connection between what other major environmental problem? Water pollution Air pollution Human health Biodiversity loss dsertification

21 Which of the following genetically modified crops and foods may be a benefit to the grower, but increases negative ecological impacts: Need less input of fertilizers than other crops Can grow in slightly salty soils Can create herbicide-resistant weed populations Produce higher yields More resistant to disease and drought

22 Characteristics associated with advantages of aquaculture would include which of the following? I high yield in a small volume of water II low use of fossil fuel sources III very little waste output I only II only III only I and II only I, II, and III

23 A chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticide that biomagnifies in te food chain and caused the decline of bird populations as published by Rachel Carson in “Silent Spring.” Atrazine Dioxin PCBs DDTs Malthion

24 In 1996, Congress passed the Food Quality Protection Act. Which of the following best describes the intent of this act? The Act was intended to regulate the sale and use of pesticides The Act was intended to assess the health risks of the active ingredients in pesticides The Act was intended to develop a food pyramid with recommendations for consumption of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates The Act was intended to monitor biomagnifications of pesticides in terrestrial food chains The Act requires the EPA to reduce the allowable levels of pesticide residue in food when applied to children