Sources of new words today Compounding40% Affixation28% Conversion 17% Shortening 8% Blending 5% Borrowing 2% Other<5%

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Presentation transcript:

Sources of new words today Compounding40% Affixation28% Conversion 17% Shortening 8% Blending 5% Borrowing 2% Other<5%

Borrowing Word-classes Source field(s) in „real world“ Source language(s)

Borrowing at different times OE: altar, angel, cleric, nun, temple, psalm, city, master, demon LateOE: are, die, leg, want, get, both, give, take, same, they, them, their ME: baron, manor, noble, liberty, government, arrest, judge, jury, prison, beef, pork, sausage, dress, jewel, cloak, virtue, art, beauty, romance EModE:scripture, client, conviction, library, scribe, dissolve, quadrant, medicine, ulcer ModE: alcohol, algebra, harem, cigar, tobacco, sputnik, apparatchik, bungalow, juggernaut, typhoon, tycoon

Borrowing at different times 3 PeriodWord- class Field(s)Language(s) OENreligion, church, urbanization, craft Latin LateOEN,V,Adj, Pron basic itemsScandinavian MEN (V)state, military, law, food, fashion French EModEN, V, Areligion, medicine, science, technology Latin, Greek Romance, ModENfood, plants, animals, Arabic, Indian Spanish, etc.

Lexical stratification 1 Astract terms Technology French, Latin, Greek Life-style Basic lexis Anglo-Saxon, Scandinavian parallel terms – >> stylistic differentiation

Lexical stratification 2 Exercise: Compare the vocabulary of the three short texts. (Culpeper 1997, 88-89) Describe the vocabulary used word-classes, origin, word-length...) Why is this vocabulary used in these particular texts?

Lexical stratification 3 parallel terms – stylistic differentiation popular literary learned fastfirmsecure askquestion interrogate get upriseascend timeageepoch begin commence endterminate

Lexical stratification 4 MEEmodE choirchorus frailfragile jealouszealous mouldmodule proveprobe straitstrict strangeextraneous

English intensifying adverbs OEMEModE swithe – full - verrai – very – really – extremely – awfully – terribly … etc.

Austrian German intensifying adverbs Ur Voll Total Sau Mega Irrsinnig

Spot the metaphor a.My teacher is a wonderful person. b.My teacher is an encyclopedia. c.My teacher causes daily earthquakes in class. d.My teacher frightens me enormously. e.My teacher never runs out of batteries (I wish I could find the off-button). f.My teacher definitely isn‘t good-looking g.My teacher talks in fast-forward. h.My teacher fills my days with light.

Spot the metaphor a.My teacher is a wonderful person. b.My teacher is an encyclopedia. c.My teacher causes daily earthquakes in class. d.My teacher frightens me enormously. e.My teacher never runs out of batteries (I wish I could find the off-button). f.My teacher definitely isn‘t good-looking g.My teacher talks in fast-forward. h.My teacher fills my days with light.

Spot the metaphor destroyed files, changed or corrupted data... Youcan avoid this with one shot of Norton Anti Virus Vaccine... NAV is ready and waiting for the next strain of virus to appear...viruses sneak in undetected, but NAV spots them first What‘s the main metaphor here? Why is it used?