1. History of the English Language
Lesson 3

2. Review
Where did English begin?
England
When did English begin?
400 AD

3. Review
Who are some of the groups who influenced our language during the Old English Layer?
Celts, Anglo-Saxons, and Vikings
What specific people influenced our language during the Old English Layer?
St. Augustine and Alfred the Great

4. Modern English Language Layers
Anglo-Saxon
20-25%
French/Latin
(Romance) 60%
Greek
10-12% (Other 3-4%)

5. Modern English Language Layers
Anglo-Saxon
20-25%
French/Latin
(Romance) 60%
Greek
10-12% (Other 3-4%)
Old English AD
400 AD - Celts
450 AD - Anglo-Saxon
597 AD - St. Augustine
787 AD - Vikings
878 AD - Alfred the Great
Words
Days of the week - Tuesday
Numbers
Colors - red, blue
Family - mother, father
Animals - deer, sheep
Religion - deacon, angel
one syllable (short words)

6. 988 AD - Edward the Confessor
Edward the Confessor, a very religious man, became king of England.
He had no children, so when he died in 1066 AD, he left no one to inherit his kingdom.

7. 1066 AD - The Battle of Hastings (Norman Invasion)
Normans from France won The Battle of Hastings, conquering the Anglo-Saxons. This established William the Conqueror as the King of England.
William the Conqueror was a French king so he established French as the language of choice.
The French language impacted English, adding many new words concerning religion, courtly matters, the military, and the government.

8. AD - The Renaissance
The Renaissance was a time when many exciting new ideas and discoveries came about in science, art, and medicine.
The British began to explore the world and look for ways to expand their power.
The new quest for knowledge led to the addition of many Latin and Greek words to English.

9. Black Death
A plague called Black Death killed ⅓ of the population of England. The lower class English speaking people began to take more positions of power.

10. 1400’s - The Great Vowel Shift
The Great Vowel Shift changed the way the English language sounded.
In Old English, time sounded liked team, see sounded like say, fame sounded like farm. Let me hear!
Writers created words with prefixes, suffixes and made more compound words: uncomfortable, laughable.

11. 1476
William Caxton introduced the printing press to England.

12. William Shakespeare
William Shakespeare wrote plays that were published nine years after his death.
Shakespeare created more than 30,000 words for our language.

13. Modern English Language Layers
Anglo-Saxon
20-25%
French/Latin
(Romance) 60%
Greek
10-12% (Other 3-4%)
Old English AD
400 AD - Celts
450 AD - Anglo-Saxon
597 AD - St. Augustine
787 AD - Vikings
878 AD - Alfred the Great
Words
Days of the week - Tuesday
Numbers
Colors - red, blue
Family - mother, father
Animals - deer, sheep
Religion - deacon, angel
one syllable (short words)
Middle English

14. Modern English Language Layers
Anglo-Saxon
20-25%
French/Latin
(Romance) 60%
Greek
10-12% (Other 3-4%)
Old English AD
400 AD - Celts
450 AD - Anglo-Saxon
597 AD - St. Augustine
787 AD - Vikings
878 AD - Alfred the Great
Words
Days of the week - Tuesday
Numbers
Colors - red, blue
Family - mother, father
Animals - deer, sheep
Religion - deacon, angel
one syllable (short words)
Middle English AD
1066 AD - William the Conqueror
The Battle of Hastings
AD - The Renaissance
1400’s - The Great Vowel Shift
The printing press
William Shakespeare
Government - chancellor, liberty
Religion - communion, miracle
Court - judge, evidence, prison
Literature - poet, grammar
ti, si, & ci = (sh) - nation, special
pt and ct - adapt, direct
multisyllabic words (long words)

15. Review What languages influenced Middle English?
Latin, Greek, and French
What events impacted Middle English?
The Norman Conquest, the Renaissance, Black Death, the Great Vowel Shift, the printing press, William Shakespeare