ROLE OF ARMED FORCES IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT HEADQUARTERS INTEGRATED DEFENCE STAFF ROLE OF ARMED FORCES IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT Brig Atesh Chahar, DACIDS (Op Lgs) & Secy DCMG, HQ IDS, Ministry of Defence

Preview Suitability for HADR Operations Institutional Mechanism Awareness - Area / Sub Area HQs Future HADR Operations Discussion Points

Suitability for HADR Operations Resources Command & Control Organisation Cohesion Communications Mobility Logistics Military Leadership Response Status - Second Responder. In Principle - Last In, First Out. Always prepared and first to respond.

Institutional Mechanism National Crisis Mgt Committee (NCMC) National Executive Committee (NEC) Defence Crisis Mgt Group (DCMG) MHA MEA NDMA MoS CAPF MoCA IHQ of MoD (Army) IHQ of MoD (Navy) Air HQs (VB) MoOIA Coast Guard DoE/Fin

About DCMG Promulgated by MoD in May 2005. Chief of Staffs Committee Joint Directive on Disaster Management issued in Mar 10. Mandate. Deal with crises like terrorist outrages, war and international situations, man-made / natural / CBRN disasters, cyber terrorism etc. Operations Branch, HQ IDS interacts with NDMA and other Nodal Ministries on behalf of Service HQs & CoSC. Integrated & coordinated response of Armed Forces during crisis / disaster situations. Notification / De-notification of DCMG MoD (JS (G/Air) on approval from Def Secy). By CISC in consultation with Chairman CoSC.

Composition of DCMG Chairman Chief of Integrated Defence Staff, HQ IDS Members DCIDS (Ops), HQ IDS DG DIA, HQ IDS DG MO, IHQ of MoD (Army) DG NO, IHQ of MoD (Navy) DG Air Ops, Air HQ (Vayu Bhawan) DCIDS (Med), HQ IDS ACIDS (Jt Ops), HQ IDS JS (G/Air), MoD JS (O/N), MoD Secretary DACIDS (Op Lgs), HQ IDS Additional members include Jt Secy of relevant Ministries, Resident Commissioners of affected States / UTs, reps of NDMA / NDRF on required basis

Disasters - Global Scenario Source: Living with Risk, UNISDR JAPAN ALASKA CHINA USA INDIA INDONESIA Source: Living with Risk, UNISDR

HADR by Indian Armed Forces Mayanmar Cyclone NARGIS - 2008 USA ‘KATRINA’ - 2005 22 T (1 x IL-76) Lebanon - 2006 24 T (1 x IL-76) Philippines - 2006 & 2013 28 T (1 x IL-76) 15 T (1 x C-130) Indonesia - 2006 109 T (2 x IL-76 & 2 Ships) Bangladesh Cyclone- 2007 165 T (4 x IL-76) Lebanon Kyrgyzstan USA China Pakistan Bangladesh India Myanmar Philippines Indonesia Sri Lanka China Earth Quake - 2008 245 T (9 x IL-76) Kyrgyzstan - 2010 US $ 1 Mn 2 x IL-76 Pakistan Floods - 2008 Blankets & Mosquito Nets Medicines Sri Lanka Floods - 2009 & 2011 100 Bedded Hospital & Medical Teams Aid - US $ 1 Million (2 x IL-76) Mayanmar Cyclone NARGIS - 2008 224 T (2 x AN-32, 6 x IL-76 & 2 Ships) Light Hospital & Medical teams

Terrain Peculiarities Glaciated Areas Mountains - HAA Valleys Jungles Deserts Plains Riverine Ghats Coastal Areas Island Territories THIS SLIDE DEPICTS AN OVERVIEW OF THE PHASES OF HA/DR AND INVOLVEMENT BY ORGANIZATIONS. LOCAL AND NATIONAL AGENCIES, TO INCL THE HOST NATION / AFFECTED STATE MILITARY, WILL BE INVOLVED INITIALLY AND UNTIL THE NEED FOR HA/DR CEASES. INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES AND THE UN WILL ALSO BE PROVIDING ASST PRIOR TO ARRIVAL OF THE FOREIGN MILITARY FORCES AND WILL GENERALLY REMAIN FOR REC AND RECONSTRUCTION AFTER THE FOREIGN MILITARY FORCES DEPART. AS THE MISSION PROCEEDS OVER TIME, THE CAPABILITIES OF THE HOST NATION / AFFECTED STATE AND THE CIVILIAN RELIEF COMMUNITY INCREASE, THEREBY DECREASING THE NEED FOR THE FOREIGN MILITARY. THE FOREIGN MILITARY FORCES ARE THEN ABLE TO DISENGAGE FROM THESE TASKS AND TRANSITION TO REDEPLOYMENT OR OTHER TASKS. FOREIGN MILITARY HA/DR OPERATIONS WILL MOST LIKELY BE OF SHORT DURATION AND LIMITED SCOPE, BASED ON THE REQUESTS OF THE HOST NATION/AFFECTED STATE AND THE CAPABILITIES OF THE FOREIGN MILITARY FORCES NATIONS. FOREIGN MILITARY FORCES WILL GENERALLY BE INVOLVED IN THE EMERGENCY (IMDT LIFE SAVING) PH UNTIL THE HOST NATION / AFFECTED STATE AND INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY CAN SUSTAIN THE REQUIREMENTS AND CONTINUE WITH LONG-TERM REHABILITATION AND RECONSTRUCTION 9

Multi Hazard Zones Earthquake - High Damage Risk Zones Winds & Earthquake - High Damage Risk Zones Earthquake & Floods - High Damage Risk Zones Earthquake & Floods - Very High Damage Risk Zones Earthquake - Very High Damage Risk Zones Floods - Very High Damage Risk Zones

Major Disasters (1980-2014) 3 1 3 3 5 4 2 1 3 2 4 1 Cloud burst, 2010 Flashfloods, Uttarakhand & HP - 2013 1 Earthquake, Oct 2005 3 Earthquake Uttarkashi, Oct 91 & Chamoli, Apr 99 Floods, Uttar Pradesh, 1998, 2005, 2010, 2012, 2013 3 J&K Avalanche Feb 2005 Earthquake Sikkim Sep 2011 Floods, Haryana 1993, 1996, 2013 5 4 Floods, Assam & Bihar 2004, 2007, 2008, 2012 Bhuj, Earthquake, 26 Jan 2001 2 1 Cyclone Kutchh, 1998 Bhopal Gas Disaster, Dec 1982 3 2 Tsunami 26 Dec 2004 Earthquake, Latur, 30 Sep 1993 4 Cyclone (Orissa) 29 Oct 1999, 13 Oct 13 THIS SLIDE DEPICTS AN OVERVIEW OF THE PHASES OF HA/DR AND INVOLVEMENT BY ORGANIZATIONS. LOCAL AND NATIONAL AGENCIES, TO INCL THE HOST NATION / AFFECTED STATE MILITARY, WILL BE INVOLVED INITIALLY AND UNTIL THE NEED FOR HA/DR CEASES. INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES AND THE UN WILL ALSO BE PROVIDING ASST PRIOR TO ARRIVAL OF THE FOREIGN MILITARY FORCES AND WILL GENERALLY REMAIN FOR REC AND RECONSTRUCTION AFTER THE FOREIGN MILITARY FORCES DEPART. AS THE MISSION PROCEEDS OVER TIME, THE CAPABILITIES OF THE HOST NATION / AFFECTED STATE AND THE CIVILIAN RELIEF COMMUNITY INCREASE, THEREBY DECREASING THE NEED FOR THE FOREIGN MILITARY. THE FOREIGN MILITARY FORCES ARE THEN ABLE TO DISENGAGE FROM THESE TASKS AND TRANSITION TO REDEPLOYMENT OR OTHER TASKS. FOREIGN MILITARY HA/DR OPERATIONS WILL MOST LIKELY BE OF SHORT DURATION AND LIMITED SCOPE, BASED ON THE REQUESTS OF THE HOST NATION/AFFECTED STATE AND THE CAPABILITIES OF THE FOREIGN MILITARY FORCES NATIONS. FOREIGN MILITARY FORCES WILL GENERALLY BE INVOLVED IN THE EMERGENCY (IMDT LIFE SAVING) PH UNTIL THE HOST NATION / AFFECTED STATE AND INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY CAN SUSTAIN THE REQUIREMENTS AND CONTINUE WITH LONG-TERM REHABILITATION AND RECONSTRUCTION Floods 26 Jul 2005 Cyclone (A.P) 1992 & 1996, 13 Oct 13 1 Tirupathi Forest Fire, 19 Mar 2014 Floods (AP & Karnataka) 2009 Tsunami 26 Dec 2004 Tsunami 26 Dec 2004 11

Uttarakhand Flash Floods - Jun 2013 40,000 Sq Km area, altitude > 10,000 ft. 70,000 tourists & 100,000 locals affected. All 13 districts (1600 villages) affected. 680 people died, 4117 missing (presumably dead), 2000 houses damaged. 8800 livestock lost. Gangotri Hanuman Chatti Uttarkashi Kedarnath Badrinath Dharasu Gaurikund Joshimath Gupt Kashi Tehri Dehradun Chamoli Rudraprayag Kedarnath Pauri Formation breaches - 32.5 kms cumulative. Landslides - 8.0 kms cumulative. 220 all types of bridges including 14 big bridges damaged / washed away. Haridwar Bageshwar Almora Pithoragarh One of the biggest rescue and relief operation undertaken by the Armed Forces. More than one lakh people evacuated by road and air. Muzaffarnagar Nainital Champawat Meerut Udham Singh Nagar Before After

The Effort Gangotri Hanuman Chatti Uttarkashi Kedarnath Badrinath Medical Teams - 24 Psy Spl Team - 02 SHO Team - 01 Medical Bricks - 238 Dharasu Gaurikund Joshimath Gupt Kashi Tehri Dehradun Chamoli Rudraprayag Pauri Army 8500 troops deployed, 14 heptrs of Army Aviation flew 730 sorties, approx 45,500 people rescued, BRO employed 125 plant equipment Navy Two MARCO diving teams AF 45 Heptrs and 13 aircraft / 3700 Sorties 895 Tons airlifted / 24260 stranded people air evacuated Haridwar Dharchula Lansdowne Bageshwar Ranikhet Almora Pithoragarh Muzaffarnagar Nainital Champawat More than 100,000 people rescued / evacuated on foot / tracks / roads in 14 days Meerut Udham Singh Nagar

Odisha & Andhra Pradesh Cyclone PHAILIN - Oct 2013 Odisha & Andhra Pradesh Army 12 Army Columns, each with Medical Team, One Engr Task Force, MH Navy Ships, Diving Teams, Heptrs and Transport aircraft AF Heptrs and Transport aircraft

Cyclone LEHAR - Nov 2013 Army. 10 composite columns deployed in Machlipatnam, Vizag, Kakinada, Elluru & Rajamundhary. Navy. Assets prepared to operate ex- Vizag including Ships, Diving Teams, Heptrs and ACs. AF. Heptrs positioned at Vizag and other assets kept stand-by ex-Sec’bad & Bangalore / Yelankah. CG. Assets all along Eastern Coast.

Forest Fire Mar 2014 - Tirupathi Input received in AN on 19 Mar. Army. Two columns moved ex Chennai. Navy. One fire fighting team and one Chetak heptr. Air Force. One C-130J, two MI-17V5 & one Chetak heptr. Bambi buckets used to douse fire. 42 sorties flown over two days. Operations completed on 21 Mar.

Cyclone HAIYAN (Philippines) - Nov 2013 5,000 feared dead, 11 Million affected 15 Ton material dispatched by one C-130 Super Hercules. MsRE, tarpaulins, tentage, blankets and life saving medical care stores. Tacloban

Malaysian Airliner MH370 - Mar 2014 239 People on board (incl 12 crew, 151 Chinese and 5 Indians) SAR operations from 12 Mar. 4-5 surface vessels and 5-6 sorties per day in Indian Search Rescue Region. 20-23 Mar. One C-130J & one P-8i participated in MNF SAR ops ex Subang Airfield, Kaula Lumpur. P8-I conducting SAR Sortie on 23 Mar 14 C-130J conducting SAR Sortie on 23 Mar 14 The High Commissioner received the crews after their sortie on 23 Mar 14 The High Commissioner and Brig Gen Manaf, the RMAF Base Commander with crews and the DA

Area HQ / Sub Area HQ Awareness of Area / Sub Area HQ. Ambala Area HQ / Sub Area HQ Srinagar Meerut Udhampur Delhi Pathankot Jorhat Dehradun Shillong Jalandhar Bareilly Danapur Lucknow Bathinda Awareness of Area / Sub Area HQ. Liaison with Mil Cdr. IS & Flood Schemes. Availability of own stores & equipment. Jaipur Bengdubi Jodhpur Narangi Allahabad Bhopal Kolkata Jabalpur Mumbai Raipur Pune Secundrabad Bangalore Chennai

Future HADR Operations Require flexibility, wider range of capabilities and men & women of character Commitment to work and strength to deliver is dependant on values, ethos and dedication of soldiers Moral ethical failures could have strategic implications Military leadership challenge is to infuse, permeate and consolidate the bedrock of virtues

Unity of Effort - Major Participants Government Armed Forces Other Stakeholders People Dist / State Adm SDRF / CAPF NDMA NDRF Armed Forces

Discussion Points Procurement and storage of Disaster Relief Bricks - ease of transportation Provision of funds for equipping QRTs and QRMTs - viable back up to NDRF CBRN capability Coordination and Decision Making process - MHA, MEA, MoD & HQ IDS

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