Republican MOTHERHOOD Key Concept 3.3.III.c Enlightenment ideas and women’s experiences in the movement for independence promoted an ideal of “republican motherhood,” which called on white women to maintain and teach the republican values within the family and granted women a new importance in American political culture.

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Enlightenment  "[T]he first society was between man and wife, which gave beginning to that between parents and children... conjugal society is made by a voluntary compact between man and woman.“ In other words, contrary to the traditional sexual hierarchy promoted by …others, Locke believed that men & women had more equal roles in a marriage. Women were expected to focus on domestic issues, but Locke's treatises helped appreciation of the value of the domestic sphere. Although Locke argued less in support of women after he had dissected Filmore's writings, his treatises were influential in highlighting the role of women in society.

Abigail Adams to John Adams March 31st, 1776 "I long to hear that you have declared an independency. And, by the way, in the new code of laws which I suppose it will be necessary for you to make, I desire you would remember the ladies and be more generous and favorable to them than your ancestors. Do not put such unlimited power into the hands of the husbands. Remember, all men would be tyrants if they could. If particular care and attention is not paid to the ladies, we are determined to foment a rebellion, and will not hold ourselves bound by any laws in which we have no voice or representation. That your sex are naturally tyrannical is a truth so thoroughly established as to admit of no dispute; but such of you as wish to be happy willingly give up -- the harsh tide of master for the more tender and endearing one of friend. Why, then, not put it out of the power of the vicious and the lawless to use us with cruelty and indignity with impunity? Men of sense in all ages abhor those customs which treat us only as the (servants) of your sex; regard us then as being placed by Providence under your protection, and in imitation of the Supreme Being make use of that power only for our happiness."

John Adams back to Abigail Adams April 14th, 1776 "As to your extraordinary code of laws, I cannot but laugh. "We have been told that our struggle has loosened the bonds of government everywhere; that children and apprentices were disobedient; that schools and colleges were grown turbulent; that Indians slighted their guardians, and negroes grew insolent to their masters. "But your letter was the first intimation that another tribe, more numerous and powerful than all the rest, were grown discontented. "This is rather too coarse a compliment, but you are so saucy, I won't blot it out. "Depend upon it, we know better than to repeal our masculine systems. Although they are in full force, you know they are little more than theory. We dare not exert our power in its full latitude. We are obliged to go fair and softly, and, in practice, you know we are the subjects. "We have only the name of masters, and rather than give up this, which would completely subject us to the despotism of the petticoat, I hope General Washington and all our brave heroes would fight."

Abigail Adams replies to the reply May 7th, 1776 "I cannot say that I think you are very generous to the ladies; for, whilst you are proclaiming peace and good-will to men, emancipating all nations, you insist upon retaining an absolute power over wives. "But you must remember that arbitrary power is like most other things which are very hard, very liable to be broken; and, notwithstanding all your wise laws and maxims, we have it in our power, not only to free ourselves, but to subdue our masters, and without violence, throw both your natural and legal authority at our feet."

Puritan beliefs Moral superiority of men Be good neighbors 60% pregnant at marriage Be good neighbors Be good Christians Run the household Surrogates when husband away Women started their families often before they were married. 60% of all Puritan brides were already pregnant. They had children every 2-1/2 years. Right up until they couldn't have any anymore. Often, mothers and their grown daughters were nursing babies at the same time.

Women remain in the home BUT http://s3.photobucket.com/user/silverbeam/media/A%20CSM%20Blog/Colonialwoman.jpg.html

Slave Women Often worked harder then the male slaves—field work, etc Female slaves were not considered feminine

Native American Women Very little contact between N.A. women and white women Captured white women often refused to return home Native American women had more power: Children belonged to them Controlled supplies (in farming, not hunting, tribes)

Wikipedia Def: Republican Motherhood 1654-1920 (IE: THIS IS A THEME ACROSS PERIODS) Before + after Rev. War CIVIC DUTY Still separate from “men's work” but— Allowed education and Awarded a dignity and respect she compared republican motherhood to the Spartan model of childhood,[1] where children are raised to value patriotism and the sacrificing of their own needs for the greater good of the country. By doing so, the mothers would encourage their sons to pursue liberty and roles in the government, while their daughters would perpetuate the domestic sphere with the next generation. In addition, women were permitted to receive more of an education 

1837—Mary Lyon founds:

Abolitionist movement / Suffrage

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Seneca Falls, 1848 Read The Declaration of Sentiments What is the format similar to? Was that on purpose? Why? What complaints did you read? Are women equal today? Turn and talk

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http://www.ushistory.org/us/historians/berkin.asp http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=puritan+massachusetts&FORM=HDRSC2#view=detail&id =29C3AB7D6B96129A87177173309D9F13AEEF43C3&selectedIndex=9 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_motherhood https://images.search.yahoo.com/images/view;_ylt=AwrB8pX56_9TTjAAwqWJzbkF;_ylu=X3oDM TIzbGdpamx2BHNlYwNzcgRzbGsDaW1nBG9pZANiZDI1YTgyZmExNzI5NDMyNTk0NjRiMTA1ND k4ODdiNwRncG9zAzg2BGl0A2Jpbmc- ?back=https%3A%2F%2Fimages.search.yahoo.com%2Fyhs%2Fsearch%3Fp%3Dspartan%2Bwomen% 2Bin%2Bancient%2Bgreece%26n%3D60%26ei%3DUTF-8%26type%3Dch.36.w7.dsp.18- 01.us.dis_co._._%26fr%3Dyhs-avg-fh_lsonsw%26fr2%3Dsa-gp%26hsimp%3Dyhs- fh_lsonsw%26hspart%3Davg%26spos%3D12%26nost%3D1%26tab%3Dorganic%26ri%3D86&w=48 7&h=538&imgurl=keep3.sjfc.edu%2Fstudents%2Fbef03424%2Fe- port%2Fwomen.gif&rurl=http%3A%2F%2Fpsms29.com%2Fcgi%2Fancient-greek- citizenship&size=36.2KB&name=Citizenship.+By.+tonya+bennett+Jun.+Native- born+men+were.&p=spartan+women+in+ancient+greece&oid=bd25a82fa172943259464b1054988 7b7&fr2=sa-gp&fr=yhs-avg-fh_lsonsw&tt=Citizenship.+By.+tonya+bennett+Jun.+Native- born+men+were.&b=61&ni=288&no=86&ts=&tab=organic&sigr=11f1pro5o&sigb=16vegb08b&sigi =11hsbb1fo&sigt=11p46hgbt&sign=11p46hgbt&.crumb=kpiKUXML3k9&type=ch.36.w7.dsp.18- 01.us.dis_co._._&fr=yhs-avg-fh_lsonsw&fr2=sa-gp&hsimp=yhs-fh_lsonsw&hspart=avg http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-republican-motherhood.htm powerpoint assembled by Renee Howell 2014