Mass Wasting Physical Geology Chapter 9 Tim Horner, CSUS Geology Department

Table 9.1 Flow, slide and fall:

Figure 9.1 Flow, slide and fall:

Gravity and mass wasting: Figure 9.2 Gravity and mass wasting: Factors: 1) Shear force (parallel to slope, down slope) 2) Shear resistance (parallel to slope, up slope) 3) Normal force (perpendicular to slope) 4) Gravitational force (downward)

Figure 9.3 Moisture Excess moisture: pore pressure increases, this reduces shear strength Low moisture: also reduces shear strength Intermediate moisture: soil sticks together, shear strength is highest

Figure 9.4 Creep

Figure 9.5a Creep

Figure 9.5b Creep

Figure 9.5c Creep

Earth Flow Particles move relative to each other (not as a solid mass) Figure 9.7 Earth Flow Particles move relative to each other (not as a solid mass)

Earth Flow with rotational slide Figure 9.8 Earth Flow with rotational slide

Debris Flow Coarser material Speed varies (with water content) Figure 9.11 Debris Flow Coarser material Speed varies (with water content)

Mud Flow- finer, often volcanic material Figure 9.12 Mud Flow- finer, often volcanic material

Figure 9.13 Mud Flow

Figure 9.14a Rock Fall

Figure 9.14b Rock Fall

Rock Fall- Yosemite valley, 1996 Figure 9.17 Rock Fall- Yosemite valley, 1996

Talus slope below rock fall Figure 9.16 Talus slope below rock fall

Figure 9.18a Rock slide- Italy 1963

Human problems, engineered solutions Figure 9.20 Human problems, engineered solutions

Human problems, engineered solutions Figure 9.21 Human problems, engineered solutions

Human problems, engineered solutions Figure 9.22 Human problems, engineered solutions

Human problems, engineered solutions Figure 9.23 Human problems, engineered solutions

Human problems, engineered solutions Figure 9.24 Human problems, engineered solutions

TABLES

Figure 9.18b

Figure 9.19

Box 9.1 Figure 1

Box 9.1 Figure 2a

Box 9.1 Figure 2b

Box 9.1 Figure 2c

Box 9.3 Figure 1

Table 9.2