Biogas Upgrading Project Technology Considerations Ensuring Success and Viable Economics of Your Renewable Natural Gas to CNG or Pipeline Project Your Speaker: Ricardo Hamdan Sales Manager, Greenlane Biogas Your Host: Thomas Melhorn Director of Sales & Business Development, North America & Europe IMW Industries Greenlane Technical: Jean-Michel Logan, P. Eng Lead Engineer, Greenlane Biogas IMW Technical: David VanLaar, P. Eng Application Engineer & Product Solutions Group Lead IMW Industries

About IMW IMW has been manufacturing industrial machinery since 1912, and has evolved to be a leading manufacturer of natural gas compression systems, serving all major markets Globally. Equipment is currently operating mid-east to North of the Arctic Circle. Quality Products & Leader in CNG Compression Non-Lubricated Compression for Clean CNG A variety of configurations for all applications

A Clean Energy Company IMW operates as a wholly owned subsidiary of Clean Energy Fuels Corp. (NASDAQ: CLNE). Clean Energy is the largest provider of natural gas fuel for transportation in North America and a global leader in the expanding natural gas vehicle market. Clean Energy has operations in CNG and LNG vehicle fueling, construction and operation of CNG and LNG fueling stations, biomethane production, and compressor technology.

Continuing Education Credit 1 hr Technical Informal More CPD Info or Board Room Attendance: Name Job title Company

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Your Speaker Ricardo Hamdan Sales Manager, Greenlane Biogas

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Renewable Natural Gas from Production to Pumps – An Important Biogas Primer Your Speaker: Ricardo Hamdan Sales Manager, Greenlane Biogas Your Host: Thomas Melhorn Director of Sales & Business Development, North America & Europe IMW Industries Greenlane Technical: Jean-Michel Logan, P. Eng Lead Engineer, Greenlane Biogas IMW Technical: David VanLaar, P. Eng Application Engineer & Product Solutions Group Lead IMW Industries

Who are we? Who We Are…

Greenlane Biogas Greenlane Biogas Greenlane® Biogas is a world leader in waterwash technology for the upgrading of biogas. There are over 80 Greenlane® Biogas upgraders around the world, operating in Brazil, Canada, China, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland, Holland, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, the UK, and the United States. The two largest biogas upgrading plants in the world at Güstrow, Germany, and Montreal, Canada, use Greenlane’s® pressurised water scrubbing systems. A continuous programme of Research and Development ensures that Greenlane® remains at the leading edge of biogas upgrading technology. In October 2014, Greenlane became part of Pressure Technologies, giving the Group a worldwide presence in the rapidly growing biogas upgrading market. Greenlane’s® operations are split into three geographical regions; North and South America, serviced out of Vancouver, Canada; Europe, serviced out of Sheffield, UK, and; South East Asia, China and Australasia, serviced out of Auckland, New Zealand.

Greenlane Biogas Greenlane Biogas The Greenlane founders started a business in 1986 to provide machinery installation services to the then booming Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) industry in New Zealand. In 2014 Greenlane was acquired by Pressure Technologies PLC as a wholly owned subsidiary. Headquartered in Sheffield, UK and listed on the London Stock Exchange’s AIM market. Pressure Technologies specializes in The Greenlane brand has grown to a global group of companies offering solutions for: –Biogas Upgrading Technology –Gas Compression –Industrial Heat Exchangers –Technical Support, Field Services, and Parts

Global Presence Global Presence Sheffield UK – Corporate Head Office Auckland – Sales, Design, Service. Sweden - Sales & Service Germany – Service Netherlands – Sales, Manufacturing, Service Canada – Sales, Manufacturing, Service, R&D

Greenlane has an unmatched 20-year track record in delivering proven, clean and cost effective renewable energy technology using water to upgrade biomethane suitable for pipeline quality gas and vehicle refuelling. Greenlane Biogas is known as the global leader in biogas upgrading solutions. Our team has been developing biogas upgrading projects for 20 years Development and implementation of market leading biogas upgrading technology is the major driver for Greenlane. Applications in Anaerobic Digesters, Waste Water Treatment Plants, and Landfills

Engineering Professionals Engineering Professionals Greenlane Biogas has a unique vertically integrated technology, design and outsource manufacture with supporting installation and commissioning services. Our clients are serviced by a worldwide AfterCare Team. Including: Process Engineers Mechanical Engineers Electrical & Instrumentation Engineers Controls Engineers Certified Project Managers Procurement Professionals Experienced Senior Management FPSO Project - Singapore

IMW and Greenlane Highly scalable configurations for projects of varying sizes Standardized compressor units Non-Lubricated = No Oil Carryover Professional Engineering Support with Global Partner / Service Network

What do I need to Create Renewable Natural Gas from Biogas? …an introduction

BIOGAS requires upgrading to be used as CNG or LNG Vehicle Fuel

Pressure: Common: 2 – 8 inches of water column Municipal applications: up to 15 inches Major Constituents: Raw Biogas Characteristics

Renewable Natural Gas Interchangeability Upgraded biogas can be interchangeable with natural gas Selected standard requirements for grid injection or for utilization as vehicle fuel. CompoundUnitsReported Tariff Range Heating Value% volume96-98 Carbon Dioxide% volume1 - 3 Nitrogen% volume1 – 4 Oxygen% volume0.001 – 1 Hydrogen Sulfideppm Water Contentlb/MMscf4 - 7

How big is 1 Million BTUs? A comparison. Gallons of Diesel Fuel 139,000 btu/gal) 7.2 gallons Gallons of Gasoline 125,000 btu/gal) 8 gallons Natural Gas at Ambient Pressure 1000 SCF (1 atmosphere, 14.7 psia) Compressed Natural Gas in a Vehicle (3500 psi) – 1000 SCF (238 atmospheres pressure) 4.2 ft³ (31 gallons) ( 8 x 8 x 16 minibus ) 1000 ft³ LNG at -260 F (666 SCF gas/CF LNG ) 1.5 ft³ (12 gallons)

How Does an Upgrading Unit Work?

A Simple Concept Biogas is primarily methane (CH 4 ) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) Water under pressure can be used to separate these two gases through their different solubility in H 2 O. This happens in the Greenlane Scrubbing Tower.

Water Regeneration The Greenlane systems recycle water! Only a small amount of water is added compared to the recirculation rates. This make-up water helps keep the system clean, with a similar amount of water blown-down. Water from the scrubber is sent to a Flashing Tower to partially depressurize, so the small amount of absorbed methane can be removed from the water, enhancing methane recovery The water is then sent to the Stripping Tower that removes the gases absorbed in the water Once stripped, the water is re-used to clean more Biogas!

How Does the Greenlane Water Scrubber work? The raw biogas is compressed, then fed to a ‘scrubbing’ tower where it is contacted with water. CO2, H2S, siloxanes and other trace contaminants are preferentially absorbed by the water. Absorbed methane is ‘flashed’ off, in a tower at a lower pressure and recovered by returning it to the start of the process. Product gas is further purified by a drier, before being analyzed and delivered to the customer.

Greenlane Water Scrubbing Technology in Focus Water used as the scrubbing agent Water scrubbing process upgrades raw biogas to vehicle fuel or pipeline standards efficiently, and with less impact on the environment Biomethane quality exceeds recognized international vehicle fuel standards and natural gas quality specifications. Full Automation The entire plant is controlled by a PLC that monitors all parameters required for safe and productive operation Hydrogen Sulphide Greenlane’s innovative, patented “polishing” process is proven to reduce biomethane H2S carryover to typically less than 1 ppm in the biomethane. Track Record Greenlane has been building water scrubbing systems for over 20 Years, with over 80 Systems Worldwide.

High Availability Biomethane Systems Greenlane® Totara Compression Skid Greenlane biomethane plants have the highest availability in the market. Twenty years of experience and seven generations of design have translated into a set of standard systems with no surprises. Issues around biogas liquids handling, contaminant fouling, biogas composition variations, etc., have been solved. Repeating proven designs with reliable components controlled by verified software is our recipe for eliminating operational risk. Remote monitoring and management ensure plants perform as expected.

Key Elements of System Support Greenlane® Totara – Scrubber Vessel Installation Site AssistanceRemote Management Installation Support Capable Commissioning Personnel Performance Validation Operator Training 24/7 Data Collection and Trending 24/7 Phone Support Maintenance Packages -For 6 and 12 month service Callout Support with <48 hr Guaranteed Onsite Response Times

Kanuka Rimu Matai Totara Kanuka Rimu Matai Totara Rimu offers over twice the capacity of Kanuka, with nominal flow of 800 Nm3/hr. This particular size is the most proven in upgrading. It is a simple design with excellent reliability and high uptime availability (95% - 98%). Kanuka combines simplicity, low cost and compactness to make it a sharply competitive proposition up to 300 Nm3/hr. Housed in a 20ft container and offering the patent pending and disruptive Water Flooded Screw technology, enables simplification of the biogas upgrading process and significant cost savings. Matai fits the requirement for mid-range capacity up to 1200 Nm3/hr while retaining the same benefits of efficiency and economy of scale as the larger Totara plants. The units are offered in purpose built enclosures to provide an elegant and highly maintainable solution. Totara & Totara+ are the largest models currently offered with capacities of 2000 & 2500 Nm3/hr respectively. Greenlane have supplied or have orders for 32 of these plants around the world. Totara’s efficiency and methane yield are the best available. Like the Matai, the Totara units are generally supplied in purpose built enclosures, with the majority of Totara+ supplied non-containerised in client supplied building. Standardized Products

Waste to Pump The Supply Chain of Renewable Natural Gas

The RNG Supply Chain Anaerobic Digestion Or Landfill Anaerobic Digestion Or Landfill Biogas Upgrading System 1,500 SCFM Biogas Upgrading System 1,500 SCFM Fueling Station with Compression Biomethane Testing 1,800 SCFM 891 SCFM Pipeline Electric Generation 300 SCFM (by others) Electric Generation 300 SCFM (by others) Secondary Compression and Utility Injection

How do I Know if I Have a Project? … determining project feasibility

Assessing Feasibility

Vehicle Fuel vs Other Uses © 2010 Canada Gas Association

Vehicle Fuel vs Other Uses Higher efficiency = More gas = More revenue. ($) Most farms have several vehicles (Utility vehicles, milk trucks, pick-up trucks) for essential farm operations with Diesel being their largest expense. Low cost of electricity leads to low PPA’s. Making CHP not viable. Vehicle Fuel replacement makes a Project viable again. It is a proven technology. CNG vehicles have existed for a long time. The market is here. Infrastructure investments in Natural Gas are being made all throughout the United States. Fueling stations are being added almost everywhere.

Assessing Feasibility for CNG In order to do a feasibility study we must analyze the following variables: CNG (Diesel) price: 7.41 DGE per MMBTU. 1 gallon of diesel contains in average MMBTUs. The US Energy Information Administration (EIA) posts an diesel price forecast data per region. Pick the low oil price case as it is the most conservative.

Assessing Feasibility for CNG You also must reduce from the revenue streams the operational costs associated with converting to vehicle fuel: Heating Costs of Digester Biogas Upgrading Costs CNG Compression Costs Additional Labor Utility consumption of the various pieces of equipment. Capital Expense, Financial Costs and Development and Permitting Expenses must also be considered when determining feasibility. After modeling both scenarios (High and Low Diesel pricing). If the low oil price Diesel case gives back an IRR of 18-25% the project is feasible.

Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) GHG Emissions Calculations Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) GHG Emissions Calculations CO G ULTRA LOW SULFUR ULTRA LOW SULFUR CNG 68G COMPRESSED NAT GAS COMPRESSED NAT GAS 13G FROM LANDFILL FROM LANDFILL -15G FROM DRY AD FROM DRY AD

Low Carbon Fuel Standard Market Demand Volatility in Q LCFS Credit pricing due to uncertainty and lack of stabilization in the program

Case Studies

Installations 41 USA, Canada, Brazil, South Korea, Japan, New Zealand, Iceland, Sweden, Germany, France, Spain, United Kingdom, Finland, and The Netherlands Anaerobic Digesters, WWTP, & Landfills Over 70 Systems in 20 Years Americas: 19 Systems at 9 Sites World’s Largest Landfill Gas Upgrading Plant

Case Study – Güstrow, Germany Greenlane ® Biogas Upgrading Plant - Güstrow, Germany Largest Biogas to Biomethane project in the world Injecting Biomethane into the German natural gas since early Over 10,000 Nm 3 /hr (6000 SCFM) of biogas processing capacity Digester feedstock is corn from local farmers Lowest operating costs in the market

Case Study – Motala, Sweden Case Study – Motala, Sweden Greenlane ® MANUKA - Motala, Sweden Opening Ceremony (2009) Greenlane ® MANUKA - Motala, Sweden, Opening Ceremony (2009) Typical smaller biogas upgrading unit for vehicle fueling applications, with 80 Nm3/hr biogas processing capacity Biogas from a small wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) Small footprint, compact design, while still achieving 99%+ CH4 yield. System shipped and installed in a standard 20’ shipping container. Design includes several patent pending innovations Biomethane CNG supplies needs for ~250 cars

Case Study – Kobe, Japan Case Study – Kobe, Japan Greenlane ® Biogas Upgrading Plant Kobe, Japan (2006) Prime Minister John Key visited the Higashinada plants in Kobe, 2010 Biogas from Higashinada WWTP, with initial biogas 150 Nm3/hr, then increased to 660 Nm3/hr Biomethane is used to fuel fleet vehicles at a fuelling station inside the WWTP’s gate. First plant installed in 2004, with two more systems installed in 2006 and a Kanuka in 2012 Greenlane have supplied 9 upgrading systems in Japan through our Licensee Kobelco Eco-Solutions!

First Anaerobic Digester to Biomethane project in Canada Installed June 2010 with 800 Nm 3 /hr capacity Digester feedstocks include dairy, hog, poultry, vegetable waste, along with some FOG and DAF Biomethane injected into the FortisBC pipeline, with biomethane quality measurement by Greenlane and FortisBC The overall system is fully automated with a remote monitoring package to minimize the time requirement for on-site attention Catalyst Site – August 2010 Catalyst Greenlane ® Rimu – Fully Installed Case Study - Abbotsford, BC, Canada Case Study - Abbotsford, BC, Canada

City of Hamilton, Ontario ‘Rimu’ System Installation First waste water treatment plant (WWTP) biogas to biomethane project in Canada 750 Nm3/hr biogas flow from the Woodward WWTP Installed in October 2011 Union Gas is the gas utility accepting the biomethane. This installation will become the key reference for Ontario’s proposed renewable natural gas program Greenlane ® Biogas Upgrading System Hamilton, Ontario Case Study – Hamilton, Ontario Case Study – Hamilton, Ontario Greenlane ® Biogas Upgrading System Hamilton, Ontario

Two Greenlane water scrubber Totara+ systems and booster compressor 5200 Nm3/hr (3200 scfm) landfill gas flow from the Sauk Hills Landfill Following the upgrading, the gas passes through a De-Oxo unit to remove oxygen before the non- lube Greenlane booster compressor injects to the pipeline Greenlane ® Landfill Gas Upgrading System Canton, Michigan 2 x ‘Totara+’ System Installation Greenlane ® Totata+ During Installation Canton, Michigan Case Study: Sauk Hills LF, Canton, MI Case Study: Sauk Hills LF, Canton, MI

1,000 Nm3/hr of Landfill Gas Matai Water Scrubber Landfill doesn’t have water supply, so low water consumption allows them to use a tank and trucking in water Currently using for CNG and later injection into the Pipeline Commissioning Now Greenlane ® Totata+ During Installation Canton, Michigan Case Study: Landfill, Dos Arcos, Brazil

16,000 Nm3/hr of Landfill Gas Largest plant in the world Seven Totara+ systems Biogas Blower VPSA Regenerative Thermal Oxidizer Biomethane Compressor Flare Injection into the Trans Canada Pipeline Commissioning Summer 2014 Greenlane ® Totata+ During Installation Canton, Michigan Case Study: BFI, Montreal, Canada Case Study: BFI, Montreal, Canada

Thank You for Your Attention! Ricardo A. Hamdan Greenlane Biogas # Lozells Avenue Burnaby BC, V5A-OC7 Cell CA:

Upcoming Webinars Free Monthly Webinars Documented CPD Credits Nov 19 | EMEA Rebroadcast (2pm UTC) Evaluating Critical Components of CNG Compression John Dunaway, Cook Compression Nov 20 | CNG & LNG for Heavy Duty Trucking Jim Harger Chief Marketing Officer Clean Energy Global Webinars Program More time zones & languages coming on for 2015… stay tuned for dates!

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