Issues in Implementation of MSW Rules: Governance Issues Dr.Rakesh Kumar Scientist and Head, NEERI Zonal Center, 89-B, Dr.A.B.Road, Worli, Mumbai

What Should Be Our Mission? DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLE [Art. 48-A] “The state shall endeavor to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and wildlife” FUNDAMENTAL DUTY [Art. 51-A(g)] “The "FUNDAMENTAL DUTY" of every citizen is to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers, and wildlife and to have ecological compassion.”

Major Issues which need attention Air Pollution aspects (odour) Compost aspects (too many technologies) Utilization of waste dump site Height related issues Cost effectiveness of landfill liner/cover Landfilling/ municipal solid waste

Some Important Definition Municipal Solid Waste: Includes commercial and residential wastes generated in a municipal areas in either solid or semi-solid form excluding industrial hazardous waste but including treated biomedical wastes Landfilling : Disposal of residual solid wastes on land in a facility designed with protective measures against pollution of ground water, surface water and air fugitive dust, wind blown litter, bad odour, fire hazard, bird menace, pests or rodents, green house as emissions, slope instability and erosion

Air Quality : SO 2, SPM, Methane, NH 3, CO : Only Ammonia Smells Odorous gases: Formaldehyde, Mercaptans, Hydrogen Suphide Responsibility of CPCB and SPCB/PCC Shall monitor compliance of standards: Ground water, ambient air, leachate quality, compost quality, incineration as per sc II,III,IV Logic of frequency of 2,4 and 6 times a year (depending upon the city’s population) without upwind and downwind monitoring can provide no useful information for compliance purposes.

Issues in Collection of MSW Wastes from slaughter houses, meat and fish markets, fruits and vegetables market, which are biodegradable in nature, shall be managed to make use of such wastes Horticultural and construction/demolition wastes shall be separately collected and disposed off following proper norms. Waste (grabage, dry leaves) shall not be burnt

MSW Management: A combination of complex processes? FIRST STEP: GENERATION BETTER GOODS, QUALITY GOODS, BETTER LIFE STYLES: HIGH WASTE GENERATION ??? BETTER CEREALS WHEN PACKED? BETTER MASALAS WHEN PACKED IMPROVED MILK QUALITY WHEN PACKED QUALITY VEGETABLES WHEN PACKED ? IMPROVED QUALITY: BETTER PACKING!!!!

GENERATION : FURTHER!!! AS GENERATION IS NOT UNDERSTOOD: SEGREGATION WILL ALSO NOT BE UNDERSTOOD NEWS PAPER MAY NOT BE WORTH KEEPING FOR A MONTH TO SELL??

SEGREGATION IS THE KEY! REGULAR AWARENESS SHOULD DO THE JOB SHOULD BE SUITABLY BACKED BY INFRASTRUCTURE ALSO CONTINUED INNOVATION NEEDED: To keep people interested!!! Rule Says: Organize awareness programme for segregation and promotion of re- use and recycling Authority shall undertake programmes to ensure community participation in segregation, arrange regular meetings with local resident association and NGO needed

POSSIBILITIES OF INNOVATION IN SGRGTN Normally Known For Its Application At The Processing Sites Even Compost Technology (The Simplest) Has About 25 Variants !! SGRGTN At Household Is Always Connected With Manual Processes  LEVEL OF SOPHISTICATION  COSTS  BENEFITS DESIRED  DESIRE TO IMPLEMENT SMALL INNOVATIONS NEEDED TO KEEP PEOPLE ATTRACTED TOWARDS THE CONCEPT WHAT HINDERS THE COMMUNITY OR HOUSEHOLD LEVEL SGRGTN

HOUSEHOLD LEVELS DUSTBIN-CUM COMPOST BIN BRING OUT THOSE OLD CHUTE SYSTEM WITH BETTER DESIGN AND FEATURES WHY THIS SYSTEM ? LESS SPACE IN THE HOUSE HOW MANY DUSTBINS?? 2- 4 NOT ATTRACTIVE TO HOLD ITEMS FOR SALE News paper, bottles, packaging material, plastics and pet bottles etc. BRING ALL THESE IN FRONT OF THE BUILDING!! THINGS ARE becoming OBSOLETE FASTER

Innovations needed elsewhere as well Sorting equipments Can puncturing, crushing, glass pulverizers at COMMUNITY LEVEL Paper shredders Packaging material shredder At Community or landfill sites: Waste pick up bins, Material of bins, Concrete Asphalt crusher, recycling trailers, Waste Pulper etc.

LOCAL BODIES NEED TO UNDERSTAND THE ECONOMICS OF Reuse Recycling Of Metals Reuse Recycling Of Clothing And Household Items Plastic Reuse Recycling Aplliance Recycling Construction/debris Recycling Wood, Glass, Cardboard,aluminium And Plastic Bottles, Tyres, Etc.

Landfill as Sustainable Landfills?  We cant do away with the landfills  Attempts to minimize waste, compost preparation, etc. will lead to overall reduction in Waste  Current practices of landfill need to be made sustainable  Future ones to be designed for sustainable use

What are the Component of SLF Can be used again Acceptable in Residential areas All the processes can be carried out at the same place (sorting, recycling, composting and disposal) Leachate Management Higher operational efficiencies

Design Components for Better Utilization Defining Areawise operational distribution Design of features for visual aesthetics Design for limiting odour and air pollution dispersion Short term Mining system (3-5 years) compared to years Mining and Landfill gas collection mechanisms

Use of GIS Geographical Information System for Solid Waste Movement Landfill site identification Landfill site design and monitoring Effective communication and Managerial tool In combination with information relating to water table, drainage topography etc, GIS could provide an useful method of design and operation of the landfill

Landfill Bioreactors Concept of enhanced microbiological process Stabilize the organic waste within 3-5 years compared to years for conventional dry landfills Reduction of organic load in leachate generation of landfill gas that can be recovered for energy production Important advantage of landfill designs is that they allow for the possibility of landfill mining

Conclusions The future solutions for MSW management needs to use the modern tool such as GIS and Remote-sensing MSW rules are meant for guidance and local innovation to do better will benefit authorities Well informed decision can be taken on the basis of good information Landfills within the city need better design and operation for higher acceptability

URBS PRIMA INDIS With teaming crowd pouring into the El Dorado that had come to be in the popular eye, the city, it appeared would burst at the seams at any moment. Increasing population resulted in shortage of housing space, high rent, bad air quality, spoilt sea shore, poor sanitation facility and garbage collection……………………………… Source: Albuquerque, T.; Urbs Prrima Indis: An Epoch in the History of Bombay Mumbai of 2000’s ??? NO It is Bombay of 1850’s