MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE Management & Practices Asssitant Engineer (Mech) Er. Chinmoy Chakraborty Asssitant Engineer (Mech) Agartala Municipal Corporation

What is MSW Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) more commonly known as trash or garbage consists of household waste, construction and demolition debris, sanitation residue, and waste from streets. This garbage is generated mainly from residential and commercial complexes. With rising urbanization and change in lifestyle and food 2

What is MSW habits, the amount of municipal solid waste has been increasing rapidly and its composition changing. In 1947 cities and towns in India generated an estimated 6 million tones of solid waste, in 2012 it is about 160 million tones. This comes from our homes, schools, hospitals, and businesses. Municipal Solid Waste does have four broad category-Organic, Toxic, Recyclable, BMW.

Recyclable : Paper, glass, metals, plastics. What is MSW Organic Waste : kitchen waste, vegetables, flowers, leaves, fruits etc. Toxic Waste : Old medicines, paints, chemicals, bulbs, spray cans, fertilizer pesticide containers, batteries etc. Recyclable : Paper, glass, metals, plastics. BMW : Hospital waste such as cloth soiled with blood and other body fluids.

Approximate Decomposition Time of Waste Type of Waste Degeneration Time Organic waste such as vegetable and fruit peels, leftover foodstuff, etc. a week or two. Paper 10–30 days Cotton cloth 2–5 months Wood 10–15 years Woolen items 1 year Tin, aluminum, and other metal items such as cans 100–500 years Plastic bags one million years Glass bottles undetermined

Management for MSW Management is the collection, transportation, processing, recycling and disposal, monitoring of waste materials. The term usually relates to materials produced by human activity, and is generally undertaken to reduce their effect on health, the environment or aesthetic. Waste management can involve solid, liquid, gaseous or radioactive substances.

Management for MSW Waste management practices differ for developed and developing nations, for urban and rural areas. Management for non-hazardous waste residential and institutional waste is usually the responsibility of local government authorities, while management for hazardous commercial and industrial waste is usually the responsibility of the generator.

MSW Management Transfer Station (Compaction) 56% Compost (14%) 30% Open Dumping Scientific Dumping Transfer Station Resource Recovery Transfer Station (Compaction) Recyclable Inorganic & Others Organic 56% 7.0 Compost (14%) 30% 98 % NH4 SANITARY LANDFILL OPEN GROUND 16.0 Ground Water

Disposal & Processing MSW rules 2000 clearly specifies “DISPOSAL” in terms of the specified manner so as to prevent contamination of ground water, surface water and ambient air quality. ULB’s responsibility is to adopt suitable technology of combination of technologies to make use of waste so as to minimize the burden of landfill. 9

Disposal & Processing Few Technology Options: Technology Status Sanitary Landfill with recovery of organic waste A good option. Most of the Ulbs are adopting this option. Vermiculture Practical for small volume of waste. Large area is required. Power Generation through bio-methanation Can be used for source segregated food waste with low CN ratio An aerobic digestion for organic manure There is a risk factor of waste water discharge 10

Modern Sanitary Landfill 11

Disposal and Processing Landfill Structure 12

Scientific landfill must have following infrastructure facilities Disposal and Processing Scientific landfill must have following infrastructure facilities Approach Roads Weigh Bridge Administrative Building & Laboratory Site Drainage Leachate Collection & Treatment Landfill Gas Collection Monitoring Network 13

Waste from the city are to be carried in perfectly Disposal and Processing Waste from the city are to be carried in perfectly covered condition by using Compactors etc. All carried waste are initially be stacked on concrete yard protected by surrounding drainage system. Entire quantity of waste collected passes through the processes - Sanitization 14

Bioconversion & value enhancement Segregation of recyclable item Disposal and Processing Bioconversion & value enhancement Segregation of recyclable item Bio degradable waste (moisture content < 20%) finally goes to mechanical plant Mechanical plant does have certain process where further segregation is done while waste moves through different sizes trommel/scanner. 15

Closed Box or Tunnel Method Windrow Composting with weekly turning for Disposal and Processing Types of Compost Trenching Method Anaerobic Enclosed Hall Method Closed Box or Tunnel Method Windrow Composting with weekly turning for aeration either by lifting ,shifting or turning 16

Disposal and Processing Compost Plant with Trommel & Conveyor 17

Disposal and Processing Landfill After the composting process is over the rejects are taken to the Landfill in which no. of cells are made to run for a certain period. The base liner of each cell at initial layer is a composite liner comprising of 50 cm highly compacted soil. Over this a Geo-synthetic Clay Liner (GCL) is used to prevent ground water pollution. 18

Disposal and Processing Landfill A 1.5 mm HDPE Geo membrane is placed over the GCL. Leachate collection system is placed over the Geo-membrane with other additional layers of Gravel, Geo Textile etc. to make it perfectly impermeable. 19

Disposal and Processing Closure After the Landfill Cell is fully filled up it is to be properly capped. The various layers are placed on the waste as gravel of 200 mm thick, soil layer 600 mm thick, 1 mm thick HDPE liner. Over that a 150 mm gravel layer is placed as a drainage layer then a soil layer of 400 mm thick is placed for vegetation, plantation etc. for a pleasing look 20

Disposal and Processing Landfill site after Scientific Closure 21

Improvement of waste collection from slum areaa. Disposal and processing Technical Steps for handling MSW : Primary Collection Road Sweeping D2D Collection Improvement of waste collection from slum areaa. Handling of other waste Construction Debris Drainage silt 22

Effective Transportation with GPS Tracking Waste Segregation Disposal and Processing Technical Steps for handling MSW : Effective Transportation with GPS Tracking Waste Segregation Waste Processing Compost Plant Sanitary Landfill with Leachate Treatment. Handling of BMW. Education & Awareness 23

AN OVERVIEW OF SWM OF AGARTLA 24

Generation Quantity/Day Statistics Source of Waste Generation Quantity/Day Household 80 MT/Day Street Littering 15 MT/Day Hotels & Restaurants 20 MT/Day Vegetable Market 30 MT/Day Other Commercial Establishment Total 250 MT/Day 25

Quantity in percentage Statistics Parameters Quantity in percentage Weight in Tons Compostable organics 72.5 182.25 Recyclable 2.8 7.00 Metal & Glass 1.50 3.75 Plastics 6.50 16.25 Inerts & Others 16.70 41.75 Total 250.00 26

Collection & Transportation Primary Collection NGOs to collect household waste generally kitchen waste from the household bins (distributed to house hold from AMC’s end) and transport through tricycle van/ auto tipper to dispose off primarily in the community bins of capacity 1.1/4.5 cum available in the main roads No of NGOs- 20 User Charge per Household : Rs. 30 PM 27

Collection & Transportation Primary Collection Hotel, restaurants and other commercial establishments are also covered in door to door collection. No of NGOs : 01 User Charge : Rs. 250 PM All vegetable markets are also covered by NGOs No of NGOs : 10 28

Collection & Transportation 1.1 cum & 4.5 Cum container 29

Collection & Transportation Secondary Collection Refuse Compactor 8 cum Refuse Compactor 14 cum 30

Collection & Transportation Secondary Collection Refuse Collector 8 cum Dumper Placer 31

Collection & Transportation Secondary Collection Auto Tipper Sweeping Machine 32

Collection & Transportation 600 nos. 1.1 cum container and 60 nos. 4.5 cum metallic community bins are placed across the city. 21 nos. refuse compactor to transport waste from 1.1 cum capacity CB. 6 nos. dumper placer for transportation of waste from 4.5 cum capacity CB. 18 open tipper truck for transportation of waste 10 nos. mini auto tipper are in the service of door to door collection 33

Collection & Transportation Most of the vehicles movement are tracked with GPS system namely vehicle tracking system introduced in the year 2012. To handle debris, construction material 6 nos. skid steer loader along with 02 nos. back hoe loader are utilized which minimizes manpower & time De-siltation is being done using 2 nos. De-silting Machines comprising 4 dump tanks. Work is in progress for covered and un covered drains. 34

Collection & Transportation BMW (Bio Medical Waste) is collection done through 02 nos. specialized vehicle from 65 nos. of hospitals, pathological labs, clinic and incinerated in out incinerator at Hapania. To handle debris, construction material 6 nos. skid steer loader along with 02 nos. back hoe loader are utilized which minimizes manpower & time. 35

Collection & Transportation Desilting Machine 36

Collection & Transportation Skid Steer Loader & Back Hoe Loader 37

Collection & Transportation BMW Collection-Transportation Vehicle –Processing in Incinerator 38

Latest Initiatives 20 nos. TATA Ace based hopper type mini tipper will shortly be inducted in the door to service which will be made departmental activity to ensure cent percent D2D collection across the whole AMC area . Setting of “Design, Build and Operate basis 250 TPD Solid Waste Processing Plant is in progress at Devendra Chandra Nagar. 02 nos. new 14 cum refuse compactor will be inducted in the service. 39

THANK YOU 40