Review the components of urinary system and how abnormalities cause urologic problems Discuss the surgical management of common urologic problems Management of the inpatient urology patient
Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction Vesicoureteral Reflux Kidney stones Hypospadias Testicular Torsion Circumcision complications
Narrowing of the ureter that cause dilation of the kidney
Hydronephrosis * prenatal ultrasound *evaluation for recurrent UTI Evaluation of abdominal or flank pain of unknown origin
Ultrasound reveals hydronephrosis VCUG is negative for vesicoureteral reflux Renogram is the use of IV tracer to determine how long it takes for kidney to clear tracer (Nuclear Med Test)
Surgical correction of UPJ obstruction Flank incision Removal of obstructed portion and reanastomosis of the ureter
What to expect? IV, penrose drain, flank incision, IV, foley and abdominal binder hour admission Postop day 1: suppository in am, advance diet if bowel sounds present, walk the hall, discontinue foley
Backflow of urine from the bladder back to the kidney Concern with UTI that may cause a pyelonephritis Reflux is caused by the way ureter enters the bladder wall
Prophylactic antibiotics when patient has had recurrent UTI especially associated with fever Improve voiding habits Surgical intervention after age of 3 or 4 Deflux injection in grades 2 and sometimes 3 Extravesical reimplantation in grade 3 or higher
Type: sJPG
Ureters are detached from the bladder and reimplanted into a stronger portion of the bladder Pfannenstiel incision (c-section
Foley catheter remains in place 1 week NPO Post op day 0 Post Op Day 1: suppository in am, bowel sounds present advance diet as tolerated, up out of bed and walking the halls Plan for discharge 23 to 48 hours after discharge
Patient will present with flank pain, blood in the urine, may have hydronephrosis due to blockage of the ureter NON contrast CT scan to determine presence of stone No need for surgical management unless stone is blocking ureter
Extracorporeal shCockwave lithotripsy Endoscopic Lithotripsy Both require placement of ureteral stent to allow drainage of urine Can be a two to three step process
Normal to have blood in the urine 23 hour admission after stent placement and stone removal due to high rate of return due to pain Require medication for bladder spasms (ditropan) and antibiotic while stent in place
Congenital birth defect where urethral opening is on the underside of penis rather than the tip Surgical correction after 6 months of age
Blue dressing in place. DO NOT REMOVE! Urethral stent stays in place 5-7 days Keep penis pointed to the nose not the toes! Patient will require ditropan for bladder spasms and septra while stent in place Tylenol with codeine for pain Follow up in office for dressing removal
A true urologic emergency Testicle twists in the scrotal sac cutting off blood supply Extreme scrotal pain Orchiopexy bilaterally
Bleeding Plastibell is displaced to shaft of the penis
Each of your patients is the absolute center of their parent’s universe Listen to parents and be patient Compassion starts when you imagine your own child in the same situation
Please remember that every patient is someone’s child!