Artist: Theresa Reihana Tangata whenua: Principles & directions Michelle Thompson-Fawcett & Hauauru Rae Department of Geography, University of Otago

Māori & Mining: A tool kit for navigating through the mining information miasma Katharina Ruckstuhl (R&E), Diane Ruwhiu (Management), Michelle Thompson-Fawcett (Geography), Jacinta Ruru (Law), Lyn Carter (Te Tumu), Andrew Gorman (Geology), Janet Stephenson (CSAFE), with research assistance from Abby Suszko, Rachel Turner, Hauauru Rae This project has been supported by a Manu Ao Academic Development Grant

What is the issue? Pressure to capitalise on rich diversity of mineral resources For Māori, that pressure has to be balanced with broader sets of responsibility embodied within Te Ao Māori This places different values on the environment and its use as a resource to be nurtured or exploited “What affects Papatūānuku, affects our tamariki” Maika (2010)

Why should Māori be involved? Iwi are facing increasing demands to come up with a position of support or opposition to mining proposals. A difficult undertaking because : – broader range of priorities for iwi /hapū ; – technicality of mining activity

Potential for growth Currently, mining of mineral resources is worth only $5 million of value to the Māori economy, the lowest earning industry for Māori besides the government sector. – Employment, training, upskilling – Royalties, access permits, concessions – Development of community infrastructure – Organisational learning through joint ventures

Contentious issues July 2012 Ngati Hako fighting Newmont Gold's application to vary its mining licence Waihi’s Martha open cast gold mine. Pukewa had been a burial ground for ancestors although it was also recognised by kaumatua (elders) as being a source of great energy and power called the crystal mountain “Sacred mountain that is now a massive hole in the ground” (Cousins, 2012)

Contentious issues August 2012 Ngati Hau face issues with Newmont Waihi Gold/heavy metal exploration at Puhipuhi "Ngati Hau is not supportive of mining at this stage but then we haven't been given the information we need to decide otherwise." (Laird, 2012) Concern about local waterways if gold is mined in Puhipuhi mountain.

Contentious issues Govt provides an exploration licence to Petrobras for Raukumara Basin. MP Te Ururoa Flavell "Much of Te Whanau a Apanui's way of life is based around the sea, including the native fish stocks which provide them with sustenance, and now this Government’s decision has placed that in a state of threat." “Our job is to look after Tangaroa, to ensure he and everything in him is sustained for our mokopuna.”

July 2012 Te Ao Marama and Te Rūnanga o Ngāi Tahu gave their approval in relation to non-notified resource consent to carry out petroleum exploration and drill a well on Stewart Island "Ngai Tahu would look at anything, as long as it's sustainable," says tribe leader Mark Solomon. "If the environmental impacts are negligible, then we would look at it." *

Iwi Environmental Principles Whakapapa

Iwi Environmental Principles WhakapapaKaitiakitanga

Iwi Environmental Principles WhakapapaKaitiakitangaManawhenua

Iwi Environmental Principles WhakapapaKaitiakitangaManawhenua

Iwi Environmental Principles WhakapapaKaitiakitangaManawhenua Mauri

Iwi Environmental Principles WhakapapaKaitiakitangaManawhenua Mauri Taonga

Iwi Environmental Principles WhakapapaKaitiakitangaManawhenua Mauri Taonga Whanaungatanga

Iwi Environmental Principles WhakapapaKaitiakitangaManawhenua Mauri Taonga WhanaungatangaWairuatanga

Iwi Environmental Principles WhakapapaKaitiakitangaManawhenua Mauri Taonga WhanaungatangaWairuatangaManaakitanga

Iwi Environmental Principles WhakapapaKaitiakitangaManawhenua Mauri Taonga WhanaungatangaWairuatangaManaakitanga Ahi Kā

Iwi Environmental Principles WhakapapaKaitiakitangaManawhenua Mauri Taonga WhanaungatangaWairuatangaManaakitanga Ahi KāKi Uta Ki Tai

Case Studies

Exploitation permissible to extent that: It is ‘sustainable’ The adverse effects are not detrimental to the stability of the environment; and The adverse effects are avoided or mitigated; and There are benefits for hapū/iwi