The Prophet Muhammad Chapter 8

8.3 Muhammad’s Early Life Few people noticed Muhammad’s birth 1. Birth, orphan, trader, marriage Few people noticed Muhammad’s birth Poor family, became an orphan Became a trader At 25, a widow named Khadijah proposed marriage They had several children, including a daughter named Fatimah

What was Muhammad’s occupation? Herder Teacher Farmer Trader

8.4 The Call to Prophethood 1. Cave, Gabriel, Allah, Qur’an Spiritual man, often prayed in the mtns. While praying in a cave, the angel Gabriel appeared to him For 22 yrs, he listened to messages Gabriel brought from God, whom Arabs call Allah Muhammad preached faith in one God & the values: compassion, honesty, & justice Gradually, a small group of followers formed, who called themselves Muslims His writings were later written down and became the Qur’an

How did Muhammad learn that he was to be a prophet? Saw it in a dream Told by the angel Gabriel Allah spoke to him through a burning bush His uncle told him

8.5 Teaching Meets with Rejection 1. Reject, followers, boycott, Night Journey He began to preach his message to the Makkans Most Makkans rejected his teachings, but Muhammad did gain followers Powerful Makkans ordered a boycott of his clan to make them reject Islam It lasted for 3 years but Muslims didn’t give up their faith In 619, he described being taken on a winged horse to visit Jerusalem & the 7 levels of heaven & to meet earlier prophets & God Called the Night Journey

How did most Makkans feel about Muhammad’s preachings? They eagerly accepted They didn’t care They rejected it

8.6 Migration to Medina to the End of Life 1. Madinah, People of the Book, battles, Last Sermon People in Madinah invited him to live there & promised to protect him He created a Muslim community in Madinah that respected people of other faiths Christians & Jews were to be treated w/ respect as “People of the Book”

Once in Madinah, Muhammad preached… tolerance of other religions that everyone must be convert to Islam that belief in Allah was not important that Hinduism and Islam were very similar

Christians & Jews were respected and referred to as Polytheists People to be feared People of the Qu’ran People of the Book

8.6 Migration to Medina to the End of Life 3. Summary: Christians & Jews were to be treated w/ respect as “People of the Book” Fighting broke out b/t Makkans & Muslims After several battles, his army captured Makkah w/o a fight He destroyed idols at the Ka’ba & dedicated the shrine to Allah He forgave his enemies, & the war ended Before his death, he delivered his Last Sermon He told Muslims to be faithful & to treat each other well

Fighting broke out between the Muslims and Makkans Jews People of Medina Christians

Once Muhammad’s army won control of Makkah, he dedicated this place to Allah Bazaar Ka’ba The cave where he used to pray Madinah

8.7 & 8.8 Four Caliphs & Umayyad Dynasty Most of Arabia was under Muslim control when he died After his death, caliphs unified Arabia & expanded across the Middle East and N. Africa The fourth caliph was his son-in-law, Ali After Ali’s death, Sunnis & Shi’a split in a dispute over who should be the next caliph This division continues today. In 661, the Umayyad dynasty moved the Muslim capital to Damascus Muslims expanded into India, central Asia, & Europe A loss at the Battle of Tours in France in 732 ended expansion into Europe, but Muslims kept control of Spain, which became a great center of culture & learning

Following his death, Arabia Became unified Fell into chaos Was attacked by the French Became known as the Far East

Muslims split into two major sects, Shi’a and Sunni Saudi Makkans Syrians

Muslims split into Sunni & Shi’a due to a dispute over Muhammad’s property Access to the Ka’ba The official language of the Qu’ran Who should be the next caliph

The Battle of Tours was significant because It was the first battle of Muslim expansion It marked the furthest extent of the Muslim empire Muhammad died in this battle The Muslims defeated the French

This city in Spain was an important center for learning & culture Madrid Makkah Cordova Barcelona

Flow Map Your Life Four major events in your life

Flow Map The Prophet Muhammad Four major events in the life of Muhammad

Flow Map Four major events in the life of Muhammad Early Life Prophethood Rejection Four major events in the life of Muhammad Migration to Madinah

Processing 9 (Photo Story) 5 Slides. Each slide should have Appropriate image 1-2 sentence caption explaining an important event in Muhammad’s life Slide 1 = Title slide Slides 2-5 = Four phases of Muhammad’s life 6 points / slide = 30 points total Digital or by hand. No images on flash drive = no laptop