Symbolism

Allegory

Allusion

The nature of evil

The role of society

Dystopia

in Lord of the Flies By William Golding

Symbolism

Comprehend the difference between literal and figurative and apply these concepts to symbolism and allegory Explain what a symbol is; comprehend the difference between universal and personal symbols; create a personal symbol Today you will . . .

Literal vs. Figurative literal figurative The literal meaning of a story is the actual meaning. It is the most obvious meaning figurative The symbolic, suggested meaning

something used for or regarded as representing something else a material object representing something, often something immaterial; emblem, token, or sign. A symbol in literature is a sign which has further layers of meaning. In other words, a symbol means more than it literally says. Symbolism

What does this symbolize?

What does this symbolize

What does this symbolize?

What does this symbolize?

What does this symbolize?

What does this symbolize?

Interpretation of Symbols Universal and Cultural Personal Interpretation of Symbols

Universal – most people anywhere in the world would recognize it. Cultural—the people in a particular culture would recognize it, but those outside the culture may not. Personal—developed by an author, artist, etc. to specifically represent something. A Symbol Can Be . . .

Write down another universal symbol and another cultural symbol Write down another universal symbol and another cultural symbol. Explain what it means. Create your own personal symbol with an explanation. Homework

Today you will . . . Comprehend what an allegory is Analyze “Little Red Riding Hood as an allegory Analyze a quote as an allegory Comprehend what an allusion is Create an allusion Today you will . . .

Allegory

Allegory a work in which the characters and events . . . represent other people or events in history represent concepts, such as virtues, war, communism symbolically express a deeper, often spiritual, moral, or political meaning

An allegory can be understood on two levels: LITERAL FIGURATIVE An allegory can be understood on two levels:

“Little Red Riding Hood” Level One: Literal a little girl The wolf a dangerous, wild creature The woodsman a strong, brave working man “Little Red Riding Hood” Level One: Literal

“Little Red Riding Hood” Level 2: Figurative Innocence The wolf: Evil The woodsman: Society’s sense of moral justice “Little Red Riding Hood” Level 2: Figurative

“It is better to be a living dog than a dead lion.” -- Ecclesiastes (9.4) Ecclesiastes uses the literal significance of "dog" and "lion," coupled with their cultural associations, to refer to conditions of human life.

lion dog Literal meaning: a four-legged mammal with sharp teeth Cultural association: the lion is noble, strong, courageous Symbolic meaning: Literal meaning: a four-legged mammal with sharp teeth Cultural association: the dog is ordinary, weak, cowardly Symbolic meaning: Allegory

the literal meaning of "lion" and "dog"--two different species of mammal the cultural associations of both animals--the lion is noble, strong, courageous; the dog is ordinary, weak, cowardly. the application to human character: The cultural associations are transferred from dogs and lions to human beings; the application makes a point about life. Breaking it Down

“It is better to be a living dog than a dead lion.” the application to human character: The cultural associations are transferred from dogs and lions to human beings; the application makes a point about life. “It is better to be a living dog than a dead lion.” It is better to be a coward and stay alive than be brave and die because of your bravery.

Examples of Other Allegories Edmund Spenser's “The Faerie Queene” -- several knights stand for virtues like friendship, truth and justice Animal Farm by George Orwell— the animals stand for real people and the events real events in the Russian Revolution the animals and events represent all people during all tyrannies Examples of Other Allegories

Allusion

Allusion (NOT “illusion”) A brief, usually indirect reference to a person, place, or event--real or fictional. According to their content, allusions may be historical, cultural, mythological, literary, political, or private. Allusions add a depth of meaning. Allusion (NOT “illusion”)

Examples of Allusions Direct Indirect He’s as strong as Hercules. Hey, Einstein! She is as loyal as Lady Macbeth. The title of Robert Frost’s poem “Out, Out--,” is an allusion to Macbeth’s speech about life's shortness after Lady Macbeth dies: “Out, out, brief candle!" Examples of Allusions

Create an allusion and then explain it.

When during a conversation you allude to something, you are making a reference to that something without directly stating it.

Respond to this question . . . How are an allegory and symbolism similar? Respond to this question . . .

Themes for Lord of the Flies What is the nature of evil? Does a lack or disintegration of society cause injustice? Themes for Lord of the Flies

What’s the difference between a Utopia and a Dystopia?

Answer both of the thematic questions and explain your responses: A Answer both of the thematic questions and explain your responses: A.) What is the nature of evil? B.) Does a lack or disintegration of society lead to injustice? Describe your utopia. What would it look like? Would there be laws, and if so, what kind? How would you get your food and clothing and other goods? Would everyone be treated equally? Would there be schools? For Homework . . .