The 1850s: Road to Secession

The Missouri Compromise, 1820–1821 Figure 38: The Missouri Compromise, 1820–1821 Houghton-Mifflin©

Compromise of 1850

Compromise of 1850 Admit California as a free state Divide Mexican Cession into Utah and New Mexico - allow settlers to decide on slavery via Popular Sovereignty Ban slave trade in D.C. (Whites still own slaves Adopt new, rigorously enforced Fugitive Slave Law

1852 Election Results

Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811 – 1896) So this is the lady who started the Civil War. -- Abraham Lincoln

Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852 Sold 300,000 copies in the first year. 2 million in a decade!

Uncle Tom Theater Poster What impact might this poster have on northerners who rejected abolitionism? In what ways would it have spurred northern loathing of the white South? How might it have encouraged northerners to think of slavery and slaveholders as threats not just to Uncle Tom but to the American republic itself? Uncle Tom Theater Poster

Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854

Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) Senator Stephen Douglas of Illinois proposed that these two new territories employ popular sovereignty Douglas needed the territories organized b/c of his interests ($) in the transcontinental RR development Popular Sovereignty - proposed to win Southern Congressional votes

Kansas and Nebraska, 1854

The Compromise of 1850 and the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854

Border “Ruffians” (pro-slavery Missourians) “Bleeding Kansas” Border “Ruffians” (pro-slavery Missourians)

John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr? Mural in the Kansas Capitol building by John Steuart Curry (20c)

Birth of the Republican Party, 1854 Northern Whigs. Northern Democrats. Free-Soilers. Know-Nothings. Other miscellaneous opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

1856 Election Results

Failure to Compromise The nation faced major issues in 1820 (Missouri), 1833 (Tariffs) and 1850 (California) Each time a compromise created peace between the North and South By the mid 1850’s though, no compromise seemed possible Write down 3 reasons why the North and South had drifted too far apart at this time. (ESPM)

Dred Scott v. Sandford, 1857

1857 Dred Scott v. Sandford ruling the Court held that slaves were not citizens that living in a free state did not make a former slave free that Congress had no power to ban slavery anywhere. What compromise is declared unconstitutional? Why would this decision cause the North to be outraged? Why would the South be delighted?

Panic of 1857 Hurt the North, South relatively unaffected Gave the South a false sense of security. How?

The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates, 1858 A House divided against itself, cannot stand.

The Freeport Doctrine Lincoln asked Douglas “ How can you reconcile Dred Scott and popular sovereignty?” Douglas responded “Slavery could not exist in a community if the local citizens did not pass and enforce slave codes for maintaining it.” Angered Southern Democrats

John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry, 1859

1860 Presidential Election √ Abraham Lincoln Republican John Bell Constitutional Union 1860 Presidential Election Stephen A. Douglas Northern Democrat John C. Breckinridge Southern Democrat

Evolution of Major Parties through 1860 Figure 33: Evolution of Major Parties ©Houghton Mifflin

Republican Party Platform in 1860 Non-extension of slavery [for the Free-Soilers.] Protective tariff [for the No. Industrialists]. No abridgment of rights for immigrants [a disappointment for the “Know-Nothings”]. Government aid to build a Pacific RR [for the Northwest]. Internal improvements [for the West] at federal expense. Free homesteads for the public domain [for farmers].

1860 Election: 3 “Outs” & 1 ”Run!”

1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!

1860 Election Results

Presidential Election of 1860 (showing popular vote by county)

Crittenden Compromise: A Last Ditch Appeal to Sanity Senator John J. Crittenden (Know-Nothing-KY)

Proposed Crittenden Compromise, 1860

Southern Opposition to Secession, 1860–1861 Map 19.5: Southern Opposition to Secession, 1860–1861 (American Pageant 12 ed)

THE NEW-YORK ILLUSTRATED NEWS. March 23, 1861 This is the way the North receives it. THE PRESIDENTS INAUGURAL. This is the way the South receives it.

Secession!: SC Dec. 20, 1860

Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861

Which event was the key? Which of the following events do you think was the key event that led to the Civil War? Kansas-Nebraska Act, Dred Scott decision, John Brown’s Raid, Election of Abraham Lincoln Which was the “Point of No Return” Create a tweet which supports your choice.

I'm not sure if i should purchase louisiana I'm not sure if i should purchase louisiana. I don't know if its legal, but whatevs imma do it anyways cause its a lot of land. tom_the_jefferson