Week 10 Other Construction Drawings

Objective This chapter gives an overview of building systems and the drawings that represent them, specifically demolition, plumbing, heating, ventilation and air conditioning, and site plans

Electrical Plans Figure 13-2 Electrical plan for a kitchen

Electricity and its Delivery Electricity is the flow of electrical power –Generated at a power plant using fuel Fuel sources include: –Coal, oil, and nuclear raw materials –Solar, wind, and combustible gas from landfills –Decomposing corn stalks

Electricity and its Delivery (cont’d.) Figure 13-6 How electricity is delivered within the house

Electrical Terms Flow of electrons: current measured in amps Household electrical consumption measured in kilowatt (1000 watts) abbreviated kW Total amount of electrical energy used is measured in kilowatt-hours (kWh) –kWh: work performed by one kilowatt in one hour

Electrical Terms (cont’d.) Electric meter measures amount of energy customer uses Figure 13-7 Residential electric watt-hours meter

Electrical Terms (cont’d.) Service panel –Receives electricity into the house from the service entrance or meter box –Distributes it throughout via branch circuits –Large metal box Contains circuit breakers or fuses Circuit –Includes the conductor, switching device(s), and the outlet for a load

Electrical Terms (cont’d.) Voltage: pressure that forces electrons through a wire Current: flow of electrons through a wire, measured in amperes Appliance: general term for any item powered through a plug and a flexible cable Watt: unit of power, calculated as energy per unit of time Lamp: technical term for light bulb

Electrical Terms (cont’d.) Fixture: consists of map, reflector, opening, housing, and connection to power source –May contain ballast to regulate power Conduit: hollow tube that holds conductors Switch: electrical device that opens and closes circuit –Types: toggle, push-button, dimmer, timer, joystick, single-pole, three-way, four-way

Electrical Terms (cont’d.) Convenience outlet: receptacle; connection device Ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI): safety device installed on circuit Ground: electrical connection to earth Special outlets: phone jacks, TV antenna jacks, alarm systems, etc. Automated systems: low-voltage, electronically controlled devices

Drawing the Electrical Plan Figure Drafting common electrical symbols

Power/Telephone/Data /VOIP Plans Shows where electrical outlets, phone jacks, data ports, computers, video equipment, and communications systems are located Includes the following: –Data ports –Digital subscriber lines –Telephony (includes Voice over IP) –Communication systems

Reflected Ceiling Plan View of the ceiling as if it were reflected onto a mirror that is flat on the floor Shows ceiling materials, molding, ornamentation, exposed structural elements, HVAC, soffits, exposed beams, skylights, building grid lines, and anything else that is on or touches the ceiling

Reflected Ceiling Plan (cont’d.) Figure Rich ornamentation is described on a refracted ceiling plan.

Climate Control Plans Shows HVAC systems Drawings: mechanical and equipment plans Includes furnaces, air conditioners, water heaters, ducts, filters, humidifiers, pipes, control devices, outlets registers and vents

Climate Control Terms Natural gas: energy source for gas-fueled furnaces Furnace: appliance that produces heat Air conditioner: appliance that cools, filters, and dehumidifies air Heat pump: appliance that heats and cools a building Thermostat: regulates temperature in a furnace or air conditioner via sensors and activating switches

Climate Control Terms (cont’d.) Zone: specific area heated or cooled by one unit Hydronic: heating or cooling system that transfers heat via a circulating fluid Pipes: copper tubes round in cross-section, that serve as the distribution method in hydronic systems Humidifier: appliance that adds moisture to the house

Climate Control Terms (cont’d.) Ducts: distribution and return-air path in a forced-air system Register: outlet in a forced-air system through which air is returned to a room Forced-air heat systems: furnace draws room air through ductwork and returns the warmed air to the rooms Flexible tubes and panels heat system: radiant system

Reading the Mechanical Plan Figure Examples of the pipes and fittings that mechanical symbols and plans schematically represent

Plumbing Plans Figure Plumbing plan

Plumbing Terms Water heater PEX: cross-linked polyethylene Water pipes Fixture Trap: S-shaped section of pipe Valve: controls flow Stack: vertical pipe Stack wall Clean-out

Plumbing Terms (cont’d.) Well Main Hose bib Septic tank Sump pump Freshwater water delivery Waste water discharge

Demolition Plans Figure Demolition plan

Site Plans North arrow: shows the solar orientation of the house Engineer scale: used to dimension the property Footprint: building’s shape, size and orientation Property lines: physical boundaries Hard surfaces: include walks, entries, driveways, access roads, and patios Waterways: include rivers and lakes

Site Plans (cont’d.) Utility lines: include gas, electricity, water, and sewer lines Vegetation: comprises trees and shrubs Contour lines: show ground elevations Legal description: includes location of the property lines Details: construction drawings Related drawings: survey, plots, landscape plans

Summary Many different types of drawings are included in a set of instructions for constructing or renovating a building Floor plans, elevations, sections, details, electrical, water, and building systems drawings are all necessary to describe the design While the interior designer may not draw all of them, it is useful to be able to read them and recognize key features