Rock Test Review
What is a mineral and how do we identify them? A mineral is a naturally formed, inorganic solid that has a definite crystal structure and chemical composition. Minerals are identified using their properties – hardness, luster, color, specific gravity, streak, crystal structure, and cleavage/fracture
What is reclamation? List 3 ways to reduce the impact of mining. Reclamation is reclaiming or restoring the land to the way is was or better than it was before it was mined. Reclaim, reuse/reduce, and recycle
What is stratification and what types of rocks does it form? Stratification is layered deposition of sediments in a body of water It forms sedimentary rocks
Describe how igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks form and give examples of each. Igneous rock – form from molten rock that has cooled and hardened. Examples – granite, basalt, and obsidan Sedimentary rock – forms from weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, and cementation of sediments. Examples – sandstone, conglomerate, and coal Metamorphic rock – forms from heat, pressure and chemical reactions. Examples – marble, slate, and Quartzite
What is a rock Naturally occurring solid formed from one or minerals
How are sediments formed? Weathering and breaking down of rock into small fragments or pieces
What process do rocks undergo to become metamorphic rocks? They undergo heat and pressure
How do geologists classify metamorphic rocks? They are classified as foliated (banded or layered) or nonfoliated (not banded or layered)
Explain the Rock Cycle. It is a continues process in which rocks are changing from one type of rock to another
What is deposition? The laying down of sediments
List the three types of sedimentary rocks and give examples of each. Clastic – sandstone and conglomerate Organic – coal, and chalk Chemical - Halite
What is the most abundant intrusive igneous rock Granite
Describe three ways humans can use rock and minerals Many different answers
What is the difference between intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks? Intrusive – cools slowly deep inside the earth (magma) –large crystals Extrusive – cools quickly at or near the surface of the earth (lava) – small crystals
What is the difference between weathering and erosion? Weathering – breaking down of rock into sediments Erosion – movement of sediments from one location to another
What type of rock formation is Stone Mountain? Intrusive igneous rock
What is the difference between foliated and nonfoliated? Foliated – banded or layered Nonfoliated – not banded or layered
Where are metamorphic rocks formed? They are formed deep within the earth’s crust.
What are the steps of the scientific method? State the problem Research background information Form a hypothesis Create an experiment Perform the experiment/Collect data Analyze the data Communicate the results
Igneous ROCKS Sedimentary Metamorphic IntrusiveExtrusive Clastic Organic Chemical Foliated Nonfoliated