1. E.S. 6: Rocks and Rock Cycle
SMS Earth Science

2. Things to know:
Rocks can be identified on the basis of mineral content and texture.
The process by which rocks are formed define the three major groups.
The rock cycle is the process by which all rocks are formed and how basic Earth materials are recycled through time.

3. Rock Cycle

4. Igneous Rocks
Igneous rocks form from molten rock that cools and hardens either below or on Earth’s surface.

5. Types of Igneous Rock
Extrusive igneous rocks cool quickly on Earth’s surface.
Small or no crystals in rock, smooth texture.
Examples: pumice, obsidian, and basalt.

6. Types of Igneous Rock
Intrusive igneous rocks cool slowly below Earth’s surface.
Large crystals and coarse texture.
Examples: granite

7. Sedimentary Rocks
Sedimentary rocks form from compaction and cementation of sediment.
Materials:
rock fragments
organic matter
chemical precipitation.

8. Types of Sedimentary Rocks
Clastic sedimentary rocks are made up of fragments of other rocks.
Examples: sandstone, conglomerate, and shale.
Sandstone
Conglomerate
Shale

9. Types of Sedimentary Rocks
Non-clastic sedimentary rocks that precipitate from a solution.
Examples: limestone and rock salt.
Limestone
Rock salt

10. Metamorphic Rocks
Metamorphic rocks form when any rock is changed by heat and pressure.

11. Types of Metamorphic Rock
Foliated metamorphic rocks have bands of different minerals.
Examples: slate, schist, gneiss.
Slate
Schist
Gneiss

12. Types of Metamorphic Rock
Unfoliated metamorphic rocks have little or no banding and are the same throughout.
Examples: marble and quartzite.
marble
quartzite

13. End