Pharmacy and Psychology Betty Chewning, PhD, FAPhA Professor, U of WI School of Pharmacy Betty Chewning, PhD, FAPhA Professor, U of WI School of Pharmacy

The Learners: Pharmacy Graduate Students & Professional Students (PharmD)

Is Psychology Required? Professional Students: Integrated in 1st semester course on Psycho- social Issues & Pharmacy Management –Patient (PT) perspective presented by PTs –Theory presented (Self-Efficacy, Self Regulation, HBM, Transtheoretical Model, etc.) Integrated in last semester course on Patient Communication & Behaviors –Angry, anxious, depressed, overwhelmed PT Integrated in 1st semester course on Psycho- social Issues & Pharmacy Management –Patient (PT) perspective presented by PTs –Theory presented (Self-Efficacy, Self Regulation, HBM, Transtheoretical Model, etc.) Integrated in last semester course on Patient Communication & Behaviors –Angry, anxious, depressed, overwhelmed PT

Is Psychology Required? Graduate Students: Required core seminar: “Social Behavioral Theories in Pharmacy, Drug Use and Health Behavior” –Topics: Provider-PT relationship; communication; adherence; decision-making/concordance; social support & coping; self care/ seeking care/ self- management; provider adherence; –Theories: Self-Regulation; TPB; Transtheoretical Model; Health Belief Model; Social Cognitive Theory (Self-Efficacy); Social Marketing; etc. Required core seminar: “Social Behavioral Theories in Pharmacy, Drug Use and Health Behavior” –Topics: Provider-PT relationship; communication; adherence; decision-making/concordance; social support & coping; self care/ seeking care/ self- management; provider adherence; –Theories: Self-Regulation; TPB; Transtheoretical Model; Health Belief Model; Social Cognitive Theory (Self-Efficacy); Social Marketing; etc.

Role/Rationale – PharmD. Psychological principles underpin skills needed for effective encounters with PTs –Elicit PT concerns, agendas –Listen actively –Respond empathically –Educate PT responsively (across diversity) –ID & teach PT self monitoring –Medication management (Pt, MD, RPh) Psychological principles underpin skills needed for effective encounters with PTs –Elicit PT concerns, agendas –Listen actively –Respond empathically –Educate PT responsively (across diversity) –ID & teach PT self monitoring –Medication management (Pt, MD, RPh)

Role/Rationale – Grad Students Prepare theory based researchers –Some social science grad students take our course; Our students often take theirs Need to use state of the art social science research methods –Psychology graduate statistics courses help in addition to the sociology courses they take Prepare theory based researchers –Some social science grad students take our course; Our students often take theirs Need to use state of the art social science research methods –Psychology graduate statistics courses help in addition to the sociology courses they take

Role/Rationale Grad Students Draw on scientific principles in applied pharmacy research & teaching: –PT perceptions Roles (RPh & PT) PT Models of health & how evaluate –PT decisions, medication use & Influences Prescription meds, OTCs, CAMs –Multidisciplinary Communication & Marketing Draw on scientific principles in applied pharmacy research & teaching: –PT perceptions Roles (RPh & PT) PT Models of health & how evaluate –PT decisions, medication use & Influences Prescription meds, OTCs, CAMs –Multidisciplinary Communication & Marketing

Special Issues We conduct translational research We use findings to translate & promote best practice skills to pharmacy students –Example: Conversation analysis documents impact of different forms of asking patients- “Any questions?” decreases likelihood PT will ask a Q. “What questions do you have?” increases likelihood PT will ask a Q. We conduct translational research We use findings to translate & promote best practice skills to pharmacy students –Example: Conversation analysis documents impact of different forms of asking patients- “Any questions?” decreases likelihood PT will ask a Q. “What questions do you have?” increases likelihood PT will ask a Q.

Opportunities and Barriers Opportunities for psychologists to teach pharmacists: –Pharmacy embraces interdisciplinary faculty –PharmD. courses: communication, statistics, psycho-social patient perspectives –Grad courses: social behavioral theory, methods –Need for researchers writing NIH grants Opportunities for psychologists to teach pharmacists: –Pharmacy embraces interdisciplinary faculty –PharmD. courses: communication, statistics, psycho-social patient perspectives –Grad courses: social behavioral theory, methods –Need for researchers writing NIH grants

Barriers Barriers for psychologists to teach pharmacists: –Emphasis on translation to pharmacy applications (PT, RPh in community, clinic, & less so hospital) –Lack of familiarity with health care system –Lack of familiarity with RPh & PT roles –Lack of familiarity with community pharmacy Barriers for psychologists to teach pharmacists: –Emphasis on translation to pharmacy applications (PT, RPh in community, clinic, & less so hospital) –Lack of familiarity with health care system –Lack of familiarity with RPh & PT roles –Lack of familiarity with community pharmacy

Implications for Psychology Identify possibilities for joint academic programs in training –PharmD and PhD in psychology Consider more interprofessional team taught coursework –Both at professional and graduate level Consider the discipline of health psychology both within research and education –Require coursework across departments Identify possibilities for joint academic programs in training –PharmD and PhD in psychology Consider more interprofessional team taught coursework –Both at professional and graduate level Consider the discipline of health psychology both within research and education –Require coursework across departments

Preparing for the Future Health psychology, health communication, health system coursework useful Strong methods background for research key – In research institutions it matters as much as coursework taken Health psychology, health communication, health system coursework useful Strong methods background for research key – In research institutions it matters as much as coursework taken

Role for APA Identify examples of interdisciplinary courses featuring psychologists Identify courses by psychologists in other disciplines Highlight research relevant to the targeted disciplines Develop a SIG for those teaching/ conducting research in other targeted disciplines –Encourage this group to brainstorm how to promote Identify examples of interdisciplinary courses featuring psychologists Identify courses by psychologists in other disciplines Highlight research relevant to the targeted disciplines Develop a SIG for those teaching/ conducting research in other targeted disciplines –Encourage this group to brainstorm how to promote