Eighth Century Prophecy Amos, Hosea, Micah, Isaiah

Kings of the Lands Judah –Uzziah –Jotham –Ahaz –Hezekiah Israel –Jeroboam II –(assorted ) –Pekah –Hoshea

Political History Rezin of Syria ( ) leads Syro- Ephraemite rebellion against Assyria Tiglath-Pileser III attacks Samaria 737 Samaria falls to Sargon II 722/721 Sennacherib invades Judah 701

Prophets to the North Amos –From Judah (the southern kingdom) Hosea –Native to Israel (the northern kingdom)

Amos Not mentioned outside own book –But compare “man of God” in 1 Kings 13 Identification –Amos 1:1 Was he a prophet? –Amos 7:10-17

Message of Amos The Nations and Israel –Amos 1-2 Against Social Oppression –Amos 8:4-8 Call to Justice –Amos 5:14-15 Appendix –Amos 9:8b-15

Hosea Hosea marries the loose woman [women] –Hosea 1-3 Ephraim turning away and back –Hosea 5:9-6:6 Can God give Israel up? –Hosea 11

After Fall of Samaria Judean “Escape” from Assyrian invasion –But as vassal state Weakness of Assyria – moves to independence –Purification of religion [e.g., Hezekiah] Nationalism and Self-righteousness

Prophets to the South Isaiah –Resident of Jerusalem –First “Major” Prophet Micah –Resident of Moresheth-Gath –One of the book of the twelve

The Book of Isaiah 1-39 Isaiah of Jerusalem –24-27, later traditions –36-39 parallel 2 Kings Book of Consolation –40-55 Second (Deutero) Isaiah –56-66 Third (Trito) Isaiah

The “Call” of Isaiah The Vision –Isaiah 6 Other “Calls” –Amos 7:14-17 –Jeremiah 1:4-19 –Ezekiel 1:4 - 3:15 –Isaiah 40:1-8; 49:5-7

Message of Isaiah (1) Centrality of Zion (Jerusalem) –Isaiah 2:2-4 [Micah 4:1-4] Role of Davidic kingdom –Isaiah 11:1-3

Message of Isaiah (2) Assyria and Israel (Judah) –Isaiah 10:5-23 Social inequity –Isaiah 5:8-17 God and God’s people –Isaiah 1:2-17 [7:10-25]

The Prophet Micah Samaria and Jerusalem in same boat –Micah 1:2-9 Judgment on civil and religious leaders –Micah 3 God’s case against God’s people –Micah 6:1-8