Anglo-Saxon England The Romans left to protect Rome in 407. The Angles & Saxons began pirate raids and took over the region by 449AD Seven kingdoms were formed. (Ireland,Scotland,Northumbria, Danelaw, Wales,Wessex and Mercia)

Anglo-Saxon Life Social hexarchy:King, Earl, Churl & Thrall Religion:Germanic Stone Gods-Tui, Fria & Woden. Replaced by Christianity in 540AD by order of King Ethelbert

Anglo-Saxon England 450-1066

Early England The Spanish settled the islands first around 300BC. They were called the Celts. The Spanish settlers split into two groups The Gaels & The Britons-they spoke Gaelic. Rome conquered the Britons around 100AD and named the land Britannia. They stayed until 407.

Anglo-Saxon Literature Bede-the first scholar-wrote History of the English People Heroic Poetry-Beowulf (super hero idea) Elegiac Poetry-deals with sadness & loss The Seafarer is an example During Celtic times stories were told orally by Druids(wise men)

Medieval England 1066-1485

The Age of Knights Knights lived by a code called chivalry. Be kind off the battlefield and be ferocious on it. Die for your land & king when requested. Rescue and protect women and children in distress.

Roman Catholic Life The church dominated life in the middle ages. The church and court were one in the same. Priests decided the judicial fate of individuals and their families. Thomas Beckett, the Archbishop of Canterbury, is accidentally killed. His grave site in Canterbury becomes a Holy place where pilgrims go to pray.

The Norman Conquest Norman denotes “north man.” Viking descendents who conquered northern France. William of Normandy defeated Harold at the battle of Hastings and on Christmas day 1066 he crowned himself king at Westminster abbey.

Norman Life The Norman conquest lasted from 1066-1154. Feudalism was the Norman form of government. The King owned all the land. He gave his close friends, Barons, land grants called “fiefs.” On these fiefs lived knights and serfs. The knights provided the King with a military and the serfs worked the land.

Magna Carta Christian war crusades in the middle east came close to bankrupting the country. A group of Barons forced King John to sign a document saying “no taxation without representation. Parliament was then formed to keep Kings under control. With this new representation labor guilds were allowed to form and feudalism ended.

England becomes a wealthy exporter The Guild system worked wonders for commerce. The English became the greatest exporter of fine goods in bulk in the world. London was the hub of greatest commercial activity. Prosperity equaled a desire for education. Oxford and Cambridge were formed.

Medieval Literature Thomas Mallory's classic Le Morte de Arthur. Sir Gwain and the Green Knight is an Arthurian legend spin off written by an unknown author. Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales The Morality play:Everyman

The English Renaissance 1485-1625

Re-birth in the Arts Renaissance is a French word meaning re-birth. In this case a re-birth in culture. Culture that was extinguished with the fall of the Roman empire, 1000 years before. Exploration was an important bi-product of the Renaissance. The Protestant Reformation of the church was another important change.

The Renaissance Royals Richard III was tyrant king who killed his own family members to become king. He was dethroned by Henry II in a civil war called The War of the Roses. Richard Lancaster’s follows wore red roses while Henry Tudor’s followers wore white to show their allegiance. After Henry defeated Richard he married Richard’s niece.

Henry VIII A hypocrite king who once wrote a Catholic support text called Defender of the Faith.He gave up on Catholicism when his first wife could not bare children. He started his own church called the Anglican Church of England. He kicked the Catholics out of England and beheaded priest Thomas More when he refused to leave.

Henry’s weak heir Henry married six times trying to gain a male heir to his throne. His final wife finally bore Edward for him. Henry died when Edward was only 9 and the child king took the throne. His reign was short lived, however, as he died sickly at 15. His sister Mary then took over and ruled for 5 bloody years.

Bloody Mary Mary was married to Prince Phillip of Catholic Spain and so she suppressed the protestants-fiercely and became known as “Bloody Mary,” by the masses. Her reign was short, however, as she died after just five years on the throne. Her half sister Elizabeth then became queen.

Mary Queen of Scotland Mary Queen of Scotland posed the first big problem for Elizabeth. As the last surviving heir to Henry VII many believed she should be Queen of England. The bastard children of Henry VIII had proved to be poor royals and Mary’s followers believed Elizabeth would be yet another failure. Mary demanded the throne and was beheaded.

Queen Elizabeth A great patron of the Arts. The English Renaissance is known better as Elizabethan Times because of great support for English culture. She never married but was purported to have had liaisons with famous pirates who would steal from the Spanish galleon ships coming back from the new world. This led to the English defeating Spain in a sea war in 1588.

English Renaissance Literature The plays and poems of the greatest writer in the history of the English language-William Shakespeare. We will read dramatically The Tragedy of Macbeth. The King James Bible-the most famous written work yet in English. Love sonnets

King James Queen Elizabeth had no heirs, so perhaps feeling guilty, she turned the kingdom over to Mary, Queen of Scots, son James. James hated the puritans and had them publicly branded and tortured for their beliefs. The Puritans came to the new world to flee his tyrannical policies toward them.