Ch. 10 – Word Identification Short Vowels Onsets & Rimes Consonant Clusters & Digraphs Long Vowels R-Controlled Vowels Special Vowel Combinations Phonic Generalizations

Short Vowels After consonants are taught Before long vowels Most first words are c-v-c

Short Vowels How to teach? Direct practice Connected Text Reading Decodable books Reading A-Z

Onsets and Rimes Onsets: the part of the syllable that comes before the vowel Rimes: AKA phonograms or word families Provides strategy for identifying unknown words

Onsets and Rimes - Consonant Substitution

Onsets & Rimes- Games Tic-Tac-Toe Hink Pinks Make a Crazy Story

Make a Crazy Story Mary went for a walk with her cat bat. They sat in the park for awhile and played with a small tall dog.

Consonant Clusters Consonant Diagraphs

Clusters & Digraphs Activities Word sorts Group-Response Activity “She wore braces now her teeth are __ He is not weak, he is ___”

Long Vowel Sounds Easier to learn Sounds like the name Same teaching strategies as Short Vowels Writing

R-Controlled Vowels When a vowel is followed by an R Hard to learn Many variations for same sound How to teach? Read stories Matching activity (hands-on)

R-controlled Vowels

Special Vowel Combos

Special Vowel Combinations Dipthong: gliding sound Digraph: 2 vowels make 1 sound Not taught as separate categories, but fall under Special Vowel Combinations Infrequent and/or too many exceptions

Important Special Vowel Combinations AU -OI -OY -OO -OU

Phonic Generalizations Teach after basics Obviously aids reading fluency Provide opportunities Memorize vs. Internalize

Phonic Generalizations Common Vowel Short vowels between 2 consonants 71% When 2 vowels are together the first one does the talking 34% Silent e at the end means a long vowel before 57%

Phonic Generalizations Can you think of any?

Phonic Generalizations Obstacles Prompting Many exceptions to the rules “get” “friend” “way” “sew” “bread” Can you think of any?

Phonic Generalizations Help with Onsets and Rimes “The human brain appears to have greater facility for detecting patterns than for applying rules”

Phonic Myths Direct –Practice activities are good enough Middle & High School will never get it It’s for bright students only It’s the only way to teach reading