Works Cited The Works Cited page is the place where you list all of the sources you used in your research paper. You ONLY list the sources that you actually cited in your paper. Works are listed in alphabetical order. As you are listing a source, if you need to drop to another line, you must indent five spaces. Indentation looks like this: ****************************************************************************** ************************************************************************* ******************************************************************************* *************************************************************************

Smith 12 Works Cited Dickens, Charles. Bleak House New York: Penguin, David Copperfield New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, Miller, J. Hillis. Charles Dickens: The World and His Novels. Bloomington: U of Indiana P, Zwerdling, Alex. “Esther Summerson Rehabilitated.” PMLA 88 (May 1973):

Works Cited Page MLA Style

Parenthetical Citations A parenthetical citation is used to reference your source. Parenthetical citations are placed at the end of sentences. A PC looks something like this: “When apartheid was instituted, Mandela was ‘stunned and dismayed’” (Gaines 73).

Parenthetical (In-Text) Citation The MLA style of parenthetical citation includes the author’s last name and page number(s). Parenthetical citations do not include the word "page" or "pages" or the abbreviations "p." or "pp."-- just the page numbers. Work with One Author Paraphrase example Dust plays a larger role in our lives than we realize (Holmes 5). Direct quotation example b.) Holmes points out that, “between 1 and 3 billion tons of desert dust fly up into the sky annually” (5). Author is named here, so does not have to be repeated within parentheses.

Parenthetical (In-Text) Citation Work with No Author Cite the first two or three words of the title and capitalize each word of your shortened version. Place the short title within quotation marks if it is an article or chapter, or italicize it if it is a book. Omit the page number if it cannot be specified (e.g., an internet source). Research has shown that some cats favor one paw over the other (“Is Your Kitty” 22). Or Children are raised differently depending on their culture (Six Cultures 63).

TEXT Dachshund 1 Emily Dachshund Miss Bookmiller English 12A 31 October 2005 Title Nelson Mandela is one of South Africa’s greatest leaders. He dedicated his life to fighting the horrible system of apartheid and used his leadership tactics to rise above the atrocities imposed on blacks by the Nationalist Party (the white minority who controlled the government). Nelson Mandela was both a freedom fighter and a unifier. He played a significant role in South Africa. Nelson Mandela used his strong leadership qualities to fight for freedom in his country. Under the harsh, unfair rules established by apartheid, “Black South Africans, who made up the majority of the population, had virtually no power. They were legally oppressed and could not usually vote” (Gaines 55). Does the first page of text have a heading? YES Does the first page of text have a page number? YES What do you notice about the page number? IT IS FLUSH RIGHT IT IS PRECEEDED BY THE STUDENT’S LAST NAME What line spacing is used for the text? DOUBLE What is the last sentence of the introductory paragraph? THESIS Are there any parenthetical citations? YES Why does the fact have a parenthetical citation? IT IS A DIRECT QUOTE

TEXT Dachshund 2 The Nationalist Party, under the regime of apartheid, did everything in their power to segregate the blacks from the whites. While the Nationalist Party was definitely a minority group in South Africa, they managed to repress the black population by implementing unfair laws and restrictions. Essentially, the government’s goal was “to preserve white power in general – and Afrikaner power in particular” (Gaines 69). Mandela couldn’t bear to allow this to happen to his people. The harsh reality of apartheid, if allowed to continue on, would mean that Mandela and other blacks would have to give up their “hopes and dreams” (Gaines 71). What is different between the first and second page of text? NO HEADING What is similar about the first and second page of text? PAGE NUMBER LOCATION AND FORMAT DOUBLE SPACING PARENTHETICAL CITATIONS

Works Cited Abraham, Priya. “Building a Democracy: A Decade After Apartheid.” World Magazine. 17 Apr. 2004, Vol. 19, No. 15, pp SIRS. 1 Feb Adams, Mike. “Mandela’s South Africa.” The Baltimore Sun. 4 June SIRS. 1 Feb “Constitutional Rights Foundation: Bill of Right in Action.” 2000 June. 26 Jan Gaines, Ann Graham. Nelson Mandela and Apartheid in World History. Berkeley Heights: Enslow Publishers, Inc., Handelman, Stephen. “South Africa’s Unfinished Revolution: Revolution Still Rages in ‘New’ South Africa: Next Generation of Leaders Faces Many Challenges.” Toronto Star. 3 Jan. 1998, p. A1. SIRS. 1 Feb Handley, Antoinette and Jeffrey Herbst. “South Africa: The Perils of Normalcy.” Current History May, pp SIRS. 1 Feb Leonard, Terry. “Mandela has a Legacy of Peace.” Kansas City Star. 1 June SIRS. ! Feb “Nelson Mandela – Biography.” 29 Apr Jan “Nelson Mandela: Inaugural Address, May 10, 1994.” 26 Jan “Nelson Mandela – Nobel Lecture.” 30 June Jan “Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela.” 26 Jan Tambo, Oliver. “Nelson Mandela, 1965.” 26 Jan How are the sources listed? ALPHABETICALLY Do different sources have different citation formats? YES Do you list EVERY source you looked at during the research process? NO What sources are listed in the Works Cited? ONLY THE SOURCES THAT ARE REFERENCED IN YOUR PAPER Is punctuation important? ABSOLUTELY CRUCIAL! Dachshund 3

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