The Management of Water and Land Resources for Agriculture in Chinese Taipei Ho, Yi-Fong Wu, Chii-Reid Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation APEC International Conference on Natural Resources and Infrastructure Management for Agriculture Centara Grand at Central World, Bangkok THAILAND, August 6-8, 2012 Chinese Taipei August 7, 2012

Outline 2 Agricultural statistics ………………………………….3 Water resources and climate change………………….4 The management of farmland and irrigation water…8 Policy for climate change adaption……………………16 Policy for agricultural food safety………………...…..17 Conclusions……………………………………………..19

Agricultural statistics 3 1) Annual budget is about USD 8.3 billion (8% of government’s whole budget ) 2) Annual output of USD 4.6 billion (1.8% share of GDP) 3) 540,000 farmers 4) Food self-sufficiency ratio is about 32 % on a calorie basis. Rice (91.9%), wheat (0.0%), soybean (3.8%), vegetable (82.9%), fruit (85.2%), pork (94.8%), beef (6.2%), milk (27.9%).

Water resources and climate change 4 Precipitation in Chinese Taipei is approximately 2,500mm/year, which is 2.5 times of the world average. The amount of annual precipitation per capita is merely 4,000 cubic meters, which is less than one-fifth of the world average. 2,500 4,000

Water resources and climate change 5

6 Data source: Water Resources Management and Policy Research Center, 2009 Frequency and severity of droughts and floods are increasing. Water resources and climate change

Typhoon MORAKOT struck southern Chinese Taipei.  Dead & Missing ： 769  Agricultural Loss ： $ 530 million USD  Hydraulic Facility Failures ： 174 Data source: Water Resources Agency, Chinese Taipei, 2009 Water resources and climate change  2900 mm (114 inches) in 3 days.

The management of farmland and irrigation water 8 17 Irrigation Associations are obligated to help the Government carry out the irrigation undertakings. Around 380,000 ha (44% of total arable land) are serviced by the Irrigation Associations (IAs).

9 To adjust farm land to standard block delineation(W/L= 25m/100m). Each block may have direct road access, direct irrigation and direct drainage. Nearly 400,000 ha of farmland in Chinese Taipei have completed land consolidation. To improve the farm production environment and waterlogged soils. Most of the irrigation areas of IAs have been implemented with the practice of farmland consolidation. The management of farmland and irrigation water

10 LegendCrops AREA （ ha ） █ Paddy rice1,285 █ Upland crops 886 █ Vegetable18 To use RS(Remote Sensing), GIS(Geography Information System) technologies for planning the special crop production and marketing areas. The management of farmland and irrigation water

11 All of the infrastructure for irrigation affairs includes overall length of about 46,000km of irrigation canals and 24,000 km of drainage ditches. The management of farmland and irrigation water

12 The investment on maintenance for the infrastructure of irrigation affairs is about USD 280 million every year. year Million (USD) The management of farmland and irrigation water

Year Irrigation water (billion tons) Higher level Lower level 13 billion tons in average( ) 10.7 billion tons in average( ) Decreased by 18% in the last 20 years due to water demands of other sectors. Transferred to supply the deficits of industrial and domestic sectors during drought events. Data source: Water Resources Agency, MOEA,, Chinese Taipei, The management of farmland and irrigation water

14 The management of farmland and irrigation water

15 The management of farmland and irrigation water The map of water quality for irrigation.

16 Policy for climate change adaption Policy for climate change adaption 1)Strengthening of multi-functional irrigation infrastructure. 2)Improving basic environment for agricultural production. 3)Carrying forward productive, ecologic and living functions of agricultural water resources. 4)Building up national Geographic Information System for irrigation. 5)Upgrading of irrigation management efficiencies. 6)Utilizing the resources of IAs to develop water resources related industries.

17 Policy for agricultural food safety Policy for agricultural food safety 1.Raising food self-sufficiency rate and increasing domestic food production and consumption. 1)Setting the goal of food self-sufficiency rate at 40%. 2)Activating 140,000 hectares of fallow, and giving priority to encourage the planting of such food grains as feed corn on idle farmland. 3)Adjusting incentives for crop rotation, increasing crop species for rotation, and guiding the planting of crops to replace imported ones and offering better incentives.

18 Policy for agricultural food safety Policy for agricultural food safety 2. Safeguarding water and soil resources required for agricultural product to ensure food security. 1) Ensuring enough amount of quality farmland for agricultural production. 2)Giving priority to investing resources in large agricultural productions areas with resources of good quality. 3)Increasing water regulation and storage facilities for agricultural use, and enhancing the efficiency of the agricultural water resource use. 4)Maintaining the quality of water for irrigation, establishing water quality monitoring and early warning mechanism, and lowering water and soil pollution risk to ensure the safety of agricultural production.

19 Conclusions Irrigation affairs involve water and land resources utilization. As efficient irrigation can provide the multiple functions such as food production, livelihood satisfaction, and ecology conservation It is essential to upgrade the irrigation facilities and to promote the management capacity of irrigation associations for adapting the negative impact of climate change and improving food scarce. Irrigation affairs involve water and land resources utilization. As efficient irrigation can provide the multiple functions such as food production, livelihood satisfaction, and ecology conservation It is essential to upgrade the irrigation facilities and to promote the management capacity of irrigation associations for adapting the negative impact of climate change and improving food scarce.

(Assigned from – The Promise of Life, Water Knows) Crystal – Appreciation Thanks for Your Attention Thanks for Your Attention