Inbound and Outbound Information and Communication Flows: Perspectives from Community Multimedia Centres in Mozambique. Sara Vannini, Isabella Rega NewMinE Lab – New Media in Education Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland

RE-ACT

Social RE presentations of Community Multimedia Centres in Mozambique and ACT ions for improvement RE-ACT

UNESCO, 2000

…fostering equitable access to information and knowledge for development, reduce the digital divide, promote social inclusion, public participation, education, agriculture, health, etc..

Community Multimedia Centres in Mozambique (2011)

Local Perspectives on Information and Communication?

Social Representations Moscovici, 1976

Social Representations Moscovici, 1976 systems of values, ideas and practices, that are shared among a given group

2 functions of SR Moscovici, 1976 to establish how people interpret their world to enable people to communicate with the other members of the community

Semiotic triangle of Social Representations object subjectgroup Bauer & Gaskell, 1999

Information and Communication Jakobson, 1960

(de)Codification of linguistic signs Saussure, 1916

57 staff members 93 CMC whole users 72 radio-only users 8 non-users 110+ hours Semi-structured interviews

ValuesIdeasPracticesPeople Benefits of the CMC; Benefits of ICTs; Motivation to work in CMC; Motivation to use CMC; Reasons not to use CMC. Definitions of CMC, Community Radio, Telecentre, computer, Internet ; Improvements needed in/ challenges for the CMC; Local denomination of CMC; Services of the Community Radio; Services of the Telecentre; Services working properly. Community involvement/ support in the CMC; Promotion of CMC; Synergies the CMC is able to create; Usages of the Community Radio; Usages of the Telecentre. Interviewee media exposure; Staff Training. CMC interpretative model

ValuesIdeasPracticesPeople Benefits of the CMC; Benefits of ICTs; Motivation to work in CMC; Motivation to use CMC; Reasons not to use CMC. Definitions of CMC, Community Radio, Telecentre, computer, Internet ; Improvements needed in/ challenges for the CMC; Local denomination of CMC; Services of the Community Radio; Services of the Telecentre; Services working properly. Community involvement/ support in the CMC; Promotion of CMC; Synergies the CMC is able to create; Usages of the Community Radio; Usages of the Telecentre. Interviewee media exposure; Staff Training. CMC interpretative model

In-bound Out-bound Shared within the community

In- bound Shared Out- bound Tot Radio45.1%36.6%5.5%87.2% Communication0.0%20.9%3.0%23.8% Information45.1%15.7%2.6%63.4% Telecentre6.8%0.4% 7.7% Communication0.0%0.4% 0.9% Information6.8%0.0% 6.8% ICTs3.8%0.0%1.3%5.1% Communication0.0% 1.3% Information3.8%0.0% 3.8% TOT %55.7%37.0%7.2%100.0% TOT count Results

In- bound Shared Out- bound Tot Radio45.1%36.6%5.5%87.2% Communication0.0%20.9%3.0%23.8% Information45.1%15.7%2.6%63.4% Telecentre6.8%0.4% 7.7% Communication0.0%0.4% 0.9% Information6.8%0.0% 6.8% ICTs3.8%0.0%1.3%5.1% Communication0.0% 1.3% Information3.8%0.0% 3.8% TOT %55.7%37.0%7.2%100.0% TOT count Results

news

“…the people here need to know what is happening. They need to get information about other part of the world…” Chitima, Non-user3 news

local

“everyone pays attention because they have programs in Portuguese and programs in the Emakwa language, it is for that that the communities listen” Chiure, User1 local

e-government

“I think the radio created this space to let people stay close to the Government, and to let them know that not everything that is happening is against the population and when the Government does something, they know that the Radio is going to broadcast it” Chiure, User3 e-government

economic development

“most of all for the agriculture, it is one of the mass communication mean to tell when is the appropriate sowing time, when is the appropriate time for the harvest,what the peasant has to prepare for the land to be productive” Cuamba, Non-user2 economic development

Informal learning

children rights programs for young people about talents and debates programs for women (rights) Informal learning

In- bound Shared Out- bound Tot Radio45.1%36.6%5.5%87.2% Communication0.0%20.9%3.0%23.8% Information45.1%15.7%2.6%63.4% Telecentre6.8%0.4% 7.7% Communication0.0%0.4% 0.9% Information6.8%0.0% 6.8% ICTs3.8%0.0%1.3%5.1% Communication0.0% 1.3% Information3.8%0.0% 3.8% TOT %55.7%37.0%7.2%100.0% TOT count Results

“before having the radio when someone died you had to send someone to notice it to the family, but now if someone dies, you can just transmit an announcement through the radio” Chitima, Staff1 “ it is important because without the radio there is no communication with the people of the community that live more distant” Cuamba, User8

In- bound Shared Out- bound Tot Radio45.1%36.6%5.5%87.2% Communication0.0%20.9%3.0%23.8% Information45.1%15.7%2.6%63.4% Telecentre6.8%0.4% 7.7% Communication0.0%0.4% 0.9% Information6.8%0.0% 6.8% ICTs3.8%0.0%1.3%5.1% Communication0.0% 1.3% Information3.8%0.0% 3.8% TOT %55.7%37.0%7.2%100.0% TOT count Results

Geographically restricted

“before the radio was here it was an extinguished world, you did not know whether we existed” Chiure, User8 “there in Nampula they are listening that someone died in the island so it is very important to have the radio” Ilha de Moçambique, User2 Geographically restricted

Community Radio I&C Enabler for All

In- bound Shared Out- bound Tot Radio45.1%36.6%5.5%87.2% Communication0.0%20.9%3.0%23.8% Information45.1%15.7%2.6%63.4% Telecentre6.8%0.4% 7.7% Communication0.0%0.4% 0.9% Information6.8%0.0% 6.8% ICTs3.8%0.0%1.3%5.1% Communication0.0% 1.3% Information3.8%0.0% 3.8% TOT %55.7%37.0%7.2%100.0% TOT count Results

“…in the computer there is a lot of information we can get” Cuamba, Non-user1

“because people go there, in the Internet, and look for information, and inform the community, and the community is fulfilled in listening to the things that who went to use the Internet found” Cuamba, Non-User4

In- bound Shared Out- bound Tot Radio45.1%36.6%5.5%87.2% Communication0.0%20.9%3.0%23.8% Information45.1%15.7%2.6%63.4% Telecentre6.8%0.4% 7.7% Communication0.0%0.4% 0.9% Information6.8%0.0% 6.8% ICTs3.8%0.0%1.3%5.1% Communication0.0% 1.3% Information3.8%0.0% 3.8% TOT %55.7%37.0%7.2%100.0% TOT count Results

In- bound Shared Out- bound Tot Radio45.1%36.6%5.5%87.2% Communication0.0%20.9%3.0%23.8% Information45.1%15.7%2.6%63.4% Telecentre6.8%0.4% 7.7% Communication0.0%0.4% 0.9% Information6.8%0.0% 6.8% ICTs3.8%0.0%1.3%5.1% Communication0.0% 1.3% Information3.8%0.0% 3.8% TOT %55.7%37.0%7.2%100.0% TOT count Results

“…we want to talk to you, we want to talk to people and have friends abroad…” Chiure, User3

Telecentre I&C for élites?

In- bound Shared Out- bound Tot Radio45.1%36.6%5.5%87.2% Communication0.0%20.9%3.0%23.8% Information45.1%15.7%2.6%63.4% Telecentre6.8%0.4% 7.7% Communication0.0%0.4% 0.9% Information6.8%0.0% 6.8% ICTs3.8%0.0%1.3%5.1% Communication0.0% 1.3% Information3.8%0.0% 3.8% TOT %55.7%37.0%7.2%100.0% TOT count Results

Thank you!