What is an ION and how do you make one? An atom with a positive or negative charge due to an unbalance of protons and electrons. Simulator

Which elements are these? What do they have in common? HELIUM 18 22 NEON ARGON 36 48 KRYPTON Nobles Video

NOBLE GASES HAVE FULL OUTER LEVELS OF ELECTRONS (VALENCE ELECTRONS)! HELIUM 18 22 NEON ARGON 36 48 KRYPTON THE NOBLE GASES

Definition: Not fixed or firm, inconsistent, irregular or wavering What word comes to mind when you watch this video? Definition: Not fixed or firm, inconsistent, irregular or wavering _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Play ‘Leave Brittney Alone’ Video

UNSTABLE! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

The elements are very UNSTABLE creatures!

For the elements, STABILITY is happiness. This happens when they obtain a FULL OUTER LEVEL of electrons! VALENCE ELECTRONS

ESSENTIAL QUESTION Can you explain why most elements are unstable and what they do in order to get stable, giving examples?

Ne Kr Rn He Ar Xe The Noble Gases PLAY PROMO CLIP

Kr Xe Rn Ar Ne He The Noble Gases

He Ar Xe Ne Kr Rn The Noble Gases

Ar Ne Kr He Xe Rn The Noble Gases

The Noble Gases HELIUM NEON ARGON XENON KRYPTON

They all want to be like the NOBLE GASES!

I WISH I HAD A FULL OUTER LEVEL OF ELECTRONS. THE ELEMENTS WISHES I WISH I WAS STABLE. I WISH I HAD A FULL OUTER LEVEL OF ELECTRONS. I WISH I WAS LIKE THE NOBLE GASES. OLD I WISH NEW I WISH

THE ELEMENTS WISHES I WISH I WAS STABLE. I WISH I WAS FULL. I WISH I WAS A GAS. I WISH I WAS NOBLE. OLD I WISH NEW I WISH

IONS The tendency of the elements to STABILIZE by obtaining a FULL VALENCE of electrons, called the OCTET RULE. They can do this by GAINING electrons, which produces a NEGATIVE CHARGE. Or they can LOSE electrons, which produces a POSITIVE CHARGE. Simulator Nobles Video

IONS ELEMENT NAME VALENCE ELECTRONS GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS RESULTING CHARGE

How will Fluorine stabilize? GAIN or LOSE Electrons? ■ Protons ■ Neutrons ■ Electrons 9 10

Fluorine will stabilize by GAINING 1 ELECTRON (-1 Charge) ■ Protons ■ Neutrons ■ Electrons -1 9 10 NEON

IONS FLUORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1 ELEMENT NAME VALENCE ELECTRONS GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS RESULTING CHARGE FLUORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1

How will Oxygen stabilize? GAIN or LOSE Electrons? ■ Protons ■ Neutrons ■ Electrons 8

Oxygen will stabilize by GAINING 2 Electrons (-2 Charge) ■ Protons ■ Neutrons ■ Electrons -2 8 NEON

IONS FLUORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1 OXYGEN 6 GAIN 2 -2 ELEMENT NAME VALENCE ELECTRONS GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS RESULTING CHARGE FLUORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1 OXYGEN 6 GAIN 2 -2

 Pick another isotope if possible. Circle if it gains or loses electrons. Draw the charge, use yellow for negative. Use a different color for added electrons.  O O O O O Oxygen Atomic # 8 Atomic Mass 16 8 Protons 8 Neutrons 8 Electrons 16 8 16 8 17 8 18 8 -2 O 17 8 8P 10N O 18 8 This is how your packet should look so far!

How will Nitrogen stabilize? GAIN or LOSE Electrons? ■ Protons ■ Neutrons ■ Electrons 7

Nitrogen will stabilize by GAINING 3 Electrons (-3 Charge) ■ Protons ■ Neutrons ■ Electrons -3 7 NEON

IONS FLUORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1 OXYGEN 6 GAIN 2 -2 NITROGEN 5 GAIN 3 -3 ELEMENT NAME VALENCE ELECTRONS GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS RESULTING CHARGE FLUORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1 OXYGEN 6 GAIN 2 -2 NITROGEN 5 GAIN 3 -3

How will Carbon stabilize? GAIN or LOSE Electrons? ■ Protons ■ Neutrons ■ Electrons 6

Carbon will stabilize by GAINING 4 Electrons (-4 Charge) ■ Protons ■ Neutrons ■ Electrons -4 6 NEON

IONS FLUORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1 OXYGEN 6 GAIN 2 -2 NITROGEN 5 GAIN 3 -3 ELEMENT NAME VALENCE ELECTRONS GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS RESULTING CHARGE FLUORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1 OXYGEN 6 GAIN 2 -2 NITROGEN 5 GAIN 3 -3 CARBON 4 GAIN 4 -4

How will Boron stabilize? GAIN or LOSE Electrons? ■ Protons ■ Neutrons ■ Electrons 5 6

Boron stabilize by LOSING 3 Electrons (+3 Charge) ■ Protons ■ Neutrons ■ Electrons +3 5 6 HELIUM

IONS FLUORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1 OXYGEN 6 GAIN 2 -2 NITROGEN 5 GAIN 3 -3 ELEMENT NAME VALENCE ELECTRONS GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS RESULTING CHARGE FLUORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1 OXYGEN 6 GAIN 2 -2 NITROGEN 5 GAIN 3 -3 CARBON 4 GAIN 4 -4 BORON 3 LOSE 3 +3

How will Beryllium stabilize? GAIN or LOSE Electrons? ■ Protons ■ Neutrons ■ Electrons 4 5

Beryllium will stabilize by LOSING 2 Electrons (+2 Charge) ■ Protons ■ Neutrons ■ Electrons +2 4 5 HELIUM

IONS FLUORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1 OXYGEN 6 GAIN 2 -2 NITROGEN 5 GAIN 3 -3 ELEMENT NAME VALENCE ELECTRONS GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS RESULTING CHARGE FLUORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1 OXYGEN 6 GAIN 2 -2 NITROGEN 5 GAIN 3 -3 CARBON 4 GAIN 4 -4 BORON 3 LOSE 3 +3 BERYLLIUM 2 LOSE 2 +2

 Pick another isotope if possible. Circle if it gains or loses electrons. Draw the charge, use blue for positive. Use an X for lost electrons.  Be Be Be Be 9 4 7 4 10 4 +2 Atomic # 4 Atomic Mass 9 4 Protons 5 Neutrons 4 Electrons 7 4 Be Beryllium Be 4P 6N 9 4 X X 10 4 Be This is how your packet should look so far!

How will Lithium stabilize? GAIN or LOSE Electrons? ■ Protons ■ Neutrons ■ Electrons 3 4

Lithium will stabilize by LOSING 1 Electron (+1 Charge) ■ Protons ■ Neutrons ■ Electrons +1 3 4 HELIUM

IONS FLUORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1 OXYGEN 6 GAIN 2 -2 NITROGEN 5 GAIN 3 -3 ELEMENT NAME VALENCE ELECTRONS GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS RESULTING CHARGE FLUORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1 OXYGEN 6 GAIN 2 -2 NITROGEN 5 GAIN 3 -3 CARBON 4 GAIN 4 -4 BORON 3 LOSE 3 +3 BERYLLIUM 2 LOSE 2 +2 LITHIUM 1 LOSE 1 +1

How will Helium stabilize? GAIN or LOSE Electrons? ■ Protons ■ Neutrons ■ Electrons 2 4

NEITHER!!! Helium is already STABLE! ■ Protons ■ Neutrons ■ Electrons 2 4

IONS FLUORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1 OXYGEN 6 GAIN 2 -2 NITROGEN 5 GAIN 3 -3 ELEMENT NAME VALENCE ELECTRONS GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS RESULTING CHARGE FLUORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1 OXYGEN 6 GAIN 2 -2 NITROGEN 5 GAIN 3 -3 CARBON 4 GAIN 4 -4 BORON 3 LOSE 3 +3 BERYLLIUM 2 LOSE 2 +2 LITHIUM 1 LOSE 1 +1 HELIUM NONE

 Every time you get to a Noble Gas Cross out gained or lost and write ‘NONE’ Draw a happy face and label ‘Noble Gas’  NONE 20 10 Ne 19 10 Ne Ne Atomic # 10 Atomic Mass 20 10 Protons 10 Neutrons 10 Electrons 19 10 Ne Neon 10P 10N 10P 9N 20 10 Ne 22 10 Ne NOBLE GAS This is how your packet should look so far!

How will HYDROGEN stabilize? GAIN or LOSE Electrons? ■ Protons ■ Neutrons ■ Electrons 1

How will HYDROGEN stabilize? GAIN or LOSE Electrons? ■ Protons ■ Neutrons ■ Electrons -1 1 HELIUM

IONS FLUORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1 OXYGEN 6 GAIN 2 -2 NITROGEN 5 GAIN 3 -3 ELEMENT NAME VALENCE ELECTRONS GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS RESULTING CHARGE FLUORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1 OXYGEN 6 GAIN 2 -2 NITROGEN 5 GAIN 3 -3 CARBON 4 GAIN 4 -4 BORON 3 LOSE 3 +3 BERYLLIUM 2 LOSE 2 +2 LITHIUM 1 LOSE 1 +1 HELIUM NONE HYDROGEN

Neon is already STABLE! ■ Protons ■ Neutrons ■ Electrons 18 22

Chemistry of Bad Breath IONS ELEMENT NAME VALENCE ELECTRONS GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS RESULTING CHARGE NEON 8 NONE FLUORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1 OXYGEN 6 GAIN 2 -2 NITROGEN 5 GAIN 3 -3 CARBON 4 GAIN 4 -4 BORON 3 LOSE 3 +3 BERYLLIUM 2 LOSE 2 +2 LITHIUM 1 LOSE 1 +1 HELIUM HYDROGEN Chemistry of Bad Breath Nobles Video

How will Phosphorus stabilize? GAIN or LOSE Electrons? ■ Protons ■ Neutrons ■ Electrons 15 16

Phosphorus will stabilize by GAINING 3 ELECTRONS (-3 Charge) ■ Protons ■ Neutrons ■ Electrons -3 15 16 ARGON

IONS PHOSPHORUS 5 GAIN 3 -3 ELEMENT NAME VALENCE ELECTRONS GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS RESULTING CHARGE PHOSPHORUS 5 GAIN 3 -3

Why is GAINING Electrons a NEGATIVE CHARGE? + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - -3 + + + + + - - - - - - - -

How will Sodium stabilize? GAIN or LOSE Electrons? ■ Protons ■ Neutrons ■ Electrons 11 12

Sodium will stabilize by LOSING 1 ELECTRON (+1 Charge) ■ Protons ■ Neutrons ■ Electrons +1 11 12 NEON

IONS SODIUM 1 LOSE 1 +1 PHOSPHORUS 5 GAIN 3 -3 ELEMENT NAME VALENCE ELECTRONS GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS RESULTING CHARGE SODIUM 1 LOSE 1 +1 PHOSPHORUS 5 GAIN 3 -3

Why is LOSING Electrons a POSITIVE CHARGE? + + + + + + + - - - - - - - + + + + +1 - - - -

How will Chlorine stabilize? GAIN or LOSE Electrons? ■ Protons ■ Neutrons ■ Electrons 17 18

Chlorine will stabilize by GAINING 1 ELECTRON (-1 Charge) ■ Protons ■ Neutrons ■ Electrons -1 17 18 ARGON

IONS SODIUM 1 LOSE 1 +1 PHOSPHORUS 5 GAIN 3 -3 CHLORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1 ELEMENT NAME VALENCE ELECTRONS GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS RESULTING CHARGE SODIUM 1 LOSE 1 +1 PHOSPHORUS 5 GAIN 3 -3 CHLORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1

How will Aluminum stabilize? GAIN or LOSE Electrons? ■ Protons ■ Neutrons ■ Electrons 13 14

Aluminum will stabilize by LOSING 3 ELECTRONS (+3 Charge) ■ Protons ■ Neutrons ■ Electrons +3 13 14 NEON

IONS SODIUM 1 LOSE 1 +1 ALUMINUM 3 LOSE 3 +3 PHOSPHORUS 5 GAIN 3 -3 ELEMENT NAME VALENCE ELECTRONS GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS RESULTING CHARGE SODIUM 1 LOSE 1 +1 ALUMINUM 3 LOSE 3 +3 PHOSPHORUS 5 GAIN 3 -3 CHLORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1

How will Magnesium stabilize? GAIN or LOSE Electrons? ■ Protons ■ Neutrons ■ Electrons 12

Magnesium will stabilize by LOSING 2 ELECTRONS (+2 Charge) ■ Protons ■ Neutrons ■ Electrons +2 12 NEON

IONS SODIUM 1 LOSE 1 +1 MAGNESIUM 2 LOSE 2 +2 ALUMINUM 3 LOSE 3 +3 ELEMENT NAME VALENCE ELECTRONS GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS RESULTING CHARGE SODIUM 1 LOSE 1 +1 MAGNESIUM 2 LOSE 2 +2 ALUMINUM 3 LOSE 3 +3 PHOSPHORUS 5 GAIN 3 -3 CHLORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1

How will Sulfur stabilize? GAIN or LOSE Electrons? ■ Protons ■ Neutrons ■ Electrons 16

Sulfur will stabilize by GAINING 2 ELECTRONS (-2 Charge) ■ Protons ■ Neutrons ■ Electrons -2 16 ARGON

IONS SODIUM 1 LOSE 1 +1 MAGNESIUM 2 LOSE 2 +2 ALUMINUM 3 LOSE 3 +3 ELEMENT NAME VALENCE ELECTRONS GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS RESULTING CHARGE SODIUM 1 LOSE 1 +1 MAGNESIUM 2 LOSE 2 +2 ALUMINUM 3 LOSE 3 +3 PHOSPHORUS 5 GAIN 3 -3 SULFUR 6 GAIN 2 -2 CHLORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1

How will Silicon stabilize? GAIN or LOSE Electrons? ■ Protons ■ Neutrons ■ Electrons 14

Silicon will stabilize by GAINING 4 ELECTRONS (-4 Charge) ■ Protons ■ Neutrons ■ Electrons -4 14 ARGON

Silicon will also stabilize by LOSING 4 Electrons (+4 Charge) ■ Protons ■ Neutrons ■ Electrons +4 14 NEON

IONS SODIUM 1 LOSE 1 +1 MAGNESIUM 2 LOSE 2 +2 ALUMINUM 3 LOSE 3 +3 ELEMENT NAME VALENCE ELECTRONS GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS RESULTING CHARGE SODIUM 1 LOSE 1 +1 MAGNESIUM 2 LOSE 2 +2 ALUMINUM 3 LOSE 3 +3 SILICON 4 BOTH +4 OR -4 PHOSPHORUS 5 GAIN 3 -3 SULFUR 6 GAIN 2 -2 CHLORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1

How will Argon stabilize? GAIN or LOSE Electrons? ■ Protons ■ Neutrons ■ Electrons 18 22

NEITHER!!! Argon is already STABLE! ■ Protons ■ Neutrons ■ Electrons 18 22

IONS SODIUM 1 LOSE 1 +1 MAGNESIUM 2 LOSE 2 +2 ALUMINUM 3 LOSE 3 +3 ELEMENT NAME VALENCE ELECTRONS GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS RESULTING CHARGE SODIUM 1 LOSE 1 +1 MAGNESIUM 2 LOSE 2 +2 ALUMINUM 3 LOSE 3 +3 SILICON 4 BOTH +4 OR -4 PHOSPHORUS 5 GAIN 3 -3 SULFUR 6 GAIN 2 -2 CHLORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1 ARGON 8 NONE

Valence stable level Valence eight stable table ________________ electrons, atoms want to become ____________, filling up their outer ____________. ________________ electrons, _________ electrons makes them _____________, that’s the pattern of the ______________. Valence stable level Valence eight stable table MY TRENDS VIDEO

The Metals The Non-Metals Which elements are… Can You Figure It Out? Which group is the largest? LOOK AT THE CHARGES

Elements as Stabilized IONS TRENDS OF THE TABLE Elements as Stabilized IONS H-1 He Li+1 Be+2 B+3 C-4 N-3 O-2 F-1 Ne Na+1 Mg+2 Al+3 Si±4 P-3 S-2 Cl-1 Ar K+1 Ca+2 Ga+3 Ge+4 As-3 Se-2 Br-1 Kr Rb+1 Sr+2 In+3 Sn+4 Sb+3 Te-2 I-1 Xe Cs+1 Ba+2 Tl+3 Pb+4 Bi+3 Po+2 At-1 Rn

Elements as Stabilized IONS TRENDS OF THE TABLE Elements as Stabilized IONS Transition Metals Sc+2 Ti+2 V+2 Cr+1 Mn+2 Fe+2 Co+2 Ni+2 Cu+1 Zn+2 Y+2 Zr+2 Nb+1 Mo+1 Tc+2 Ru+1 Rh+1 Pd Ag+1 Cd+2 La+2 Hf+2 Ta+2 W+2 Re+2 Os+2 Ir+2 Pt+1 Au+1 Hg+2

Li Be Na Mg Al K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Ce Pr Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr H He B C N O F Ne Si P S Cl Ar Ge As Se Br Kr Sb Te I Xe Po At Rn

H He Li Be B C N O F Ne Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn Ce Pr Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr PLAY METALS VIDEO

They love to LOSE their electrons! That’s why we use metals to make electrical cables! They love to LOSE their electrons! WHAT IS ELECTRICITY?

H He C N O F Ne P S Cl Ar Se Br Kr I Xe Rn Li Be B Na Mg Al Si K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Ce Pr Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr

H He Li Be B C N O F Ne Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn Ce Pr Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr PLAY NON-METALS VIDEO PLAY NON-METALS VIDEO

B Si Ge As Sb Te Po H He Li Be C N O F Ne Mg Al P S Cl Ar Ca Sc Ti V Na Mg Al P S Cl Ar K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Se Br Kr Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn I Xe Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi At Rn Ce Pr Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr

PLAY SEMI-METALS VIDEO H He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn Ce Pr Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr PLAY SEMI-METALS VIDEO

Metals LOSE Electrons called CATIONS The Main Groups Metals LOSE Electrons called CATIONS Non-Metals GAIN Electrons called ANIONS Semi-Metals can do either

Elements as Stabilized Ions TRENDS OF THE TABLE Elements as Stabilized Ions H He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn Ce Pr Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr ■ Metal (CATION) ■ Semi-Metal ■ Non-Metal (ANION)

Elements as Stabilized Ions TRENDS OF THE TABLE Elements as Stabilized Ions -1 +1 +2 +3 -4 -3 -2 ±4 +4 ■ Metal (CATION) ■ Semi-Metal ■ Non-Metal (ANION)

Elements as Stabilized Ions TRENDS OF THE TABLE Elements as Stabilized Ions H-1 He Li+1 Be+2 B+3 C-4 N-3 O-2 F-1 Ne Na+1 Mg+2 Al+3 Si±4 P-3 S-2 Cl-1 Ar K+1 Ca+2 Sc+2 Ti+2 V+2 Cr Mn+2 Fe+2 Co+2 Ni+2 Cu Zn+2 Ga+3 Ge+4 As-3 Se-2 Br-1 Kr Rb+1 Sr+2 Y+2 Zr+2 Nb+1 Mo+1 Tc+2 Ru+1 Rh+1 Pd Ag+1 Cd+2 In+3 Sn+4 Sb+5 Te-2 I-1 Xe Cs+1 Ba+2 La+2 Hf+2 Ta+2 W+2 Re+2 Os+2 Ir+2 Pt+1 Au+1 Hg+2 Tl+3 Pb+4 Bi+3 Po+2 At-1 Rn Ce+2 Pr+2 Nb+2 Pm+2 Sm+2 Eu+2 Gd+2 Tb+2 Dy+2 Ho+2 Er+2 Tm+2 Yb+2 Lu+2 Th+2 Pa+2 U+2 Np+2 Pu+2 Am+2 Cm+2 Bk+2 Cf+2 Es+2 Fm+2 Md+2 No+2 Lr+2 ■ Metal (CATION) ■ Semi-Metal ■ Non-Metal (ANION)

+1 +2 +3 ±4 -3 -2 -1 PERIODIC TRENDS

LESSON SUMMARY Identify the Idea. The concept we learned in chemistry today was __________, which is… Give a example of the idea. For instance, _____ is a good example of concept is example because… Explain additional details of your example. Furthermore, example shows details because it demonstrates…