©2005 Texas Trade and Industrial Education1 Cosmetology Endocrine & Respiratory Systems

©2005 Texas Trade and Industrial Education Cosmetology I: Endocrine & Respiratory Systems 2 Performance Objectives Upon completion of this lesson, the student will be able to identify and describe the key functions and processes of the endocrine and respiratory systems. The student will demonstrate these competencies by completing a written test with a minimum of 80 percent accuracy.

©2005 Texas Trade and Industrial Education Cosmetology I: Endocrine & Respiratory Systems 3 Specific Objectives Describe the purpose of the endocrine system. Name the endocrine glands and state their functions. Describe the functions of hormones. Describe the basic function of the respiratory system. Explain how the cardiovascular system works with the respiratory system to perform the breathing cycle Name the organs of the respiratory system. Identify and describe the three basic processes of respiration.

©2005 Texas Trade and Industrial Education Cosmetology I: Endocrine & Respiratory Systems 4 Endocrine System

©2005 Texas Trade and Industrial Education Cosmetology I: Endocrine & Respiratory Systems 5 Purpose of the Endocrine System To exert chemical control over the human body by maintaining the body’s internal environment. To provide homeostasis by working with the nervous system to affect growth, maturation, reproduction, metabolism, human behavior, and health of the entire body.

©2005 Texas Trade and Industrial Education Cosmetology I: Endocrine & Respiratory Systems 6 Endocrine Glands and Their Functions Exocrine Glands are duct glands Exocrine glands produce a substance that travels through small tube-like ducts. Exocrine gland secretions are transported in the ducts directly to an organ or the body surface. Exocrine glands include sweat and oil glands of the skin, intestinal glands, and salivary glands in the mouth.

©2005 Texas Trade and Industrial Education Cosmetology I: Endocrine & Respiratory Systems 7 Endocrine Glands and Their Functions (2) Endocrine Glands are ductless glands Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. The hormones travel from the bloodstream to target organs. The hormones help regulate metabolism, water and electrolyte concentrations in cells, growth, development, and the reproductive cycles.

©2005 Texas Trade and Industrial Education Cosmetology I: Endocrine & Respiratory Systems 8 Functions of Hormones Control the internal environment of the body from the cellular level to the organ level. Control cellular respiration, cellular growth, and cellular reproduction. Control the fluids in the body, such as water amounts and balance of electrolytes. Control the secretion of other hormones. Control our behavior patterns. Play a vital role in the reproductive cycles of men and women. Regulate growth and development cycles.

©2005 Texas Trade and Industrial Education Cosmetology I: Endocrine & Respiratory Systems 9 Respiratory System

©2005 Texas Trade and Industrial Education Cosmetology I: Endocrine & Respiratory Systems 10 Basic Function of the Respiratory System To enable breathing

©2005 Texas Trade and Industrial Education Cosmetology I: Endocrine & Respiratory Systems 11 Breathing: Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems The respiratory and cardiovascular systems participate equally in breathing. If either system malfunctions, the body cells will die from oxygen deprivation and accumulation of carbon dioxide, resulting in death.

©2005 Texas Trade and Industrial Education Cosmetology I: Endocrine & Respiratory Systems 12 The Breathing Cycle The respiratory system enables taking the air into our body through our nose or mouth, and into our lungs. The air seeps from the lungs into the bloodstream through capillaries (cardiovascular system). Carbon dioxide, in the bloodstream, seeps through the alveoli, and is removed from the body when we breathe out.

©2005 Texas Trade and Industrial Education Cosmetology I: Endocrine & Respiratory Systems 13 Organs of the Respiratory System Nose - Used to breath in and out. Pharynx - Passageway for food and air. Also called the throat. Trachea - A pipe shaped by rings of cartilage. It divides into two tubes called bronchi. Also called the windpipe. Bronchi - The tubes that connect the trachea to the lungs. Lungs - Spongy tissues composed of cells in which inhaled air is exchanged for carbon dioxide during one breathing cycle.

©2005 Texas Trade and Industrial Education Cosmetology I: Endocrine & Respiratory Systems 14 Three Basic Processes of Respiration 1. Ventilation: The movement of air between the atmosphere and the lungs. 2. External respiration - The exchange of gases between the lungs and blood. 3. Internal respiration - The exchange of gases between the blood and the body cells.

©2005 Texas Trade and Industrial Education Cosmetology I: Endocrine & Respiratory Systems 15 Ventilation Also called breathing Two phases: Inhalation and Exhalation Inhalation - When you inhale, muscles in the chest wall contract, lifting the ribs and pulling them outward. The diaphragm moves downward enlarging the chest cavity. Reduced air pressure in the lungs causes air to enter the lungs. Also called inspiration (breathing in). Exhalation - The reverse process of inhalation, exhalation moves air (carbon dioxide) out of the lungs. Also called expiration (breathing out).

©2005 Texas Trade and Industrial Education Cosmetology I: Endocrine & Respiratory Systems 16 The Diaphragm A muscular wall that separates the thorax from the abdominal region Helps control breathing

©2005 Texas Trade and Industrial Education Cosmetology I: Endocrine & Respiratory Systems 17 Summary The endocrine and respiratory systems perform important functions for the body. They also work with the other systems to maintain homeostasis (maintaining the body’s internal environment).