Objective 8.02 US History

Machine gun Rapid fire weapon capable of firing 600 rounds a minute Airships and airplanes Used to transport goods Used in air battles or “dogfights” Planes could also carry and drop bombs on targets Tanks Heavy armor could travel through barbed wire Powerful; shots could destroy buildings Poison Gas (Mustard Gas)- because of its color Used to blind, sicken and suffocate victims Result was gas masks became part of standard equipment Anti-aircraft gun Used to shoot down planes New Technology

*Due to new weapons, new strategies will be used in fighting World War I “Dogfights” Planes became very important in controlling the skies and bombing targets Trench Warfare See map on pg. 582 “No man’s land-“ area between trenches filled with bombs and barbed wire Trenches were dirty and nasty- no protection from cold or disease (trench foot) “Over the top-“ Soldiers jump over trench wall and charge across No Man’s Land New Strategies

Trenches

*When US enters in 1917, Russia had dropped out* Russia 1917 had successful Bolshevik Revolution led by Vladimir Lenin Lead to set up of Communism in Russia Result in Russia withdrawing from World War I Fear of losing war due to lack of Russian army Russian (Bolshevik) Revolution

Russian Revolution Pics Czar Nicholas Vladimir Lenin Rasputin

8 Causes  Britain blockaded Germany. No military supplies were to enter – later included food. American merchants did not fight blockade Germans begin to starve. Germans use U-Boats (Unterseeboot) to combat blockade.  Unrestricted Submarine Warfare No Warning

9 Sinking of the Lusitania  Submarine sank British liner off the coast of Ireland. 1,198 people died – 128 Americans Germans stated the liner was carrying ammunition. Americans angered  Two more ships would be sunk by German ships against American Protest Arabic and Sussex German Promise of not attacking passenger ships is broken many times.

10 Last Straw  Wilson attempted to mediate the war after 1916 election. “Peace without victory”  Unrestricted Submarine Warfare. All ships in British Waters will be sunk.  British Agents intercepted Zimmermann Note. German Ambassador attempted to convince Mexico to attack us from the south. Germany would support Mexico in reclaiming Texas – should war break out with U.S.

US enters and helps turn the tide of war US fights many battles that push Germans out of France Battle of Marne- turning point of the war and an Allied victory November 1918 both Austria-Hungary and Germany will surrender November an armistice or cease-fire agreement is signed US Impact

22 million died- half of them civilians 20 million more wounded 10 million refugees- left without a home US lost 48,000 men in battle and another 62,000 from disease Additional 200,000 wounded or emotional shock (Shell shock) Cost to US- $338 billion (mainly loans to other countries and equipment costs) Cost countries like Germany and France much more due to destruction of buildings and towns Costs of World War I