Requirements for the MOB Mars Habitat Keith Morris Jeff Fehring Tom White Christie Sauers Dax Matthews Heather Chluda

Overall Project Goals Establish a Martian Habitat capable of supporting humans

Overall - Level 1 Requirements Support crew of 6 Support 600 day stay without re-supply Maintain health and safety Minimize dependency on Earth

Launch and Deployment Requirements 80 metric ton launch vehicle Recommended Total Habitat Mass < 34,000 kg (includes payload) Deploys 2 years before first crew Land, deploy, operate, maintain all systems Setup and check-out before crew arrives Standby mode for 10 months between crews Operational lifetime of greater than 15 years

Redundancy Requirements Mission critical – 2 levels of redundancy Life critical – 3 levels of redundancy Auto fault detection and correction Modular Easily repairable Electronic and mechanical equipment Highly autonomous Self-maintained or crew maintained Possibly self-repairing All systems in Habitat must have low failure rates

Crew Activities on Mars Gather information about Mars Ease of learning System similarity Common software and hardware Real time science activity planning Integrate In-Situ Resource Utilization System

Mission Architecture Systems Engineering and Integration Structures Command, Control, and Communications (CCC) Power Environment Control and Life Support Mission Operations and Human Factors Robotics and Automation EVA and Planetary Surface Vehicle Interfaces Thermal ISRU and Mars Environment

Organizational Chart

Systems Engineering and Integration Team Primary: Juniper Jairala Tim Lloyd Tiffany Finley Support: Meridee Silbaugh Jeff Fehring Tyman Stephens

Systems Engineering and Integration Responsibilities Establish habitat system requirements Delegate top-level subsystem requirements Review and reconcile all subsystem design specifications Ensure that all habitat subsystem requirements are met Ensure proper subsystem interfaces

Structures Subsystem Team Primary: Jeff Fehring Eric Schleicher Support: Jen Uchida Sam Baker

Structures Subsystem Responsibilities Pressurized volume Incorporate all subsystems Radiation shielding Micro-meteoroid shielding Withstand all loading environments

Structures - Level 2 Requirements Fit within the dynamic envelope of the launch vehicle Launch Shroud Diameter = 7.5 m Length = 27.7 m Ensure crew health Structurally sound in all load environments Acceleration Vibration Pressure Easily repairable Stably support all other systems Interface with other systems Structures Mass < 20744 kg

CCC Subsystem Team Primary: Support: Heather Howard Keric Hill Tom White

CCC Subsystem Responsibilities Monitoring and control of all internal and external habitat subsystems (Mars/Earth). Communication with Earth - transmit experimental data - monitor habitat and crew health - personal communications - mission-related information exchange Support crew and science mission

CCC - Level 2 Requirements Survive transit to Mars Fit within the transport spacecraft Support set-up and checkout of surface infrastructure pre-crew Computer based library: operational and instruction maintenance trouble-shooting of systems and hardware failures Support a "smart" automated habitat Facilitate Earth-control capability of some subsystems (rovers, etc.)

CCC - Level 2 Requirements (continued) Habitat communication with rovers, telerovers, and EVA crewmembers (from Earth and Mars base) “Real-time” downlink/uplink to Earth Transmit crew health data to Earth Capabilities for publicity, public affairs, documentation, reporting and real-time activity planning Withstand respective surface and habitat conditions Be highly autonomous, self or crew maintained and possibly self-maintaining

CCC - Level 2 Requirements (continued) Auto fault detection for all life/mission critical and mission discretionary elements Handle communication and data processing load for 6 people for the duration of each 600 day mission Function autonomously for 10 months Return to normal function after dormant periods Mass: 320kg

Power Distribution and Allocation Subsystem Team Primary: Tom White Jen Uchida Support: Nancy Kungsakawin Eric Dekruif

Power Distribution and Allocation Subsystem Responsibilities Interface with the nuclear power source and other external equipment Safely manage and distribute power throughout Martian habitat

Power - Level 2 Requirements Provide power throughout 15 yr mission lifetime Provide 3 level redundancy (Life-critical system) Provide fault protection system, including emergency power cutoff, power dissipation capability Distribute power with multi-bus system

Power – Level 2 Requirements Supply power while reactors are being put online Provide method of power transfer from reactor to habitat Regulate voltage to levels required by equipment Provide both mobile and stationary sources of power within the habitat Store power

Power – Level 2 Requirements Power interfaces with rovers, EVA equipment, transit vehicle, etc. Flexible system to allow future expansion or changes Develop maintenance and safety procedures Power mass ~ 3250 kg (includes in-transit power)

ECLSS Team (Environmental Control & Life Support Subsystem) Primary Teresa Ellis Nancy Kungsakawin Christie Sauers Meridee Silbaugh Support Bronson Duenas Juniper Jairala

ECLSS Responsibilities Provide a physiologically and psychologically acceptable environment for humans to survive and maintain health Provide and manage the following: Environmental conditions Food Water Waste Provide medical services and supplies Supply crew accommodations that encourage a successful mission

ECLSS - Level 2 Requirements Supply crew with food for 600-day stay on Mars Provide adequate Atmosphere Monitoring and Control, including: Trace Contaminant Control CO2 Removal and Reduction Temperature and Humidity Control Ventilation Must have necessary Gas Storage Fire Detection and Suppression Provide adequate supplies of hygiene and potable water

ECLSS - Level 2 Requirements continued… Collect and store liquid, solid, and concentrated wastes for immediate and/or delayed resource recovery Provide adequate crew accommodations Provide crew psychological support Perform routine and emergency medical services Provide crew health Monitoring Adequate crew protection from harmful radiation Mass must not exceed 4661 kg

Mission Operations Team Primary: Tyman Stephens Support: Tim Lloyd Christie Sauers

Mission Operations Responsibilities Identify, coordinate, and schedule crew operations Create and modify the ops schedule Establish clear hardware operational requirements and facilitate changes Identify and deliver relevant system status data Develop procedures for failure scenarios Respond to unexpected off-nominal conditions Support the mission objectives through crew activities

Mission Ops - Level 2 Requirements Surface infrastructure must be setup and checked out before the crew arrives Habitat deployed 2 years before first crew Habitat must accommodate 10 month standby Crew functions must be autonomous from Earth support Habitat maintenance must be planned to achieve a 15+ year lifetime

Mission Ops - Level 2 Requirements continued… Schedule and facilities must support: Mineralogical and chemical analyses of rocks, soil, and atmospheric samples Psychological support for crew and Earth team Science activity planning time Operation of telerobotic rovers 2-person EVAs for 8 hrs/wk Crew health monitoring Programmatic activities

Mission Ops - Level 2 Requirements continued… Real time downlink/uplink to Earth when communication allows Support communication between Earth, Mars, and the Martian rovers Highly reliable, autonomous, and robust subsystems Habitat must be a “smart" habitat incorporating automation Earth-controlled capability for some systems (rovers, etc) Procedures for landing, deployment, operation, and maintenance of surface systems

Automation and Robotic Interfaces Subsystem Team Primary Eric DeKruif Support Eric Schliecher Dax Matthews

Robotics & Automation Subsystem Responsibilities Determine which habitat functions are to be automated and design all automated systems Design interfaces with robotics to deploy habitat infrastructure and support habitat operations

Robotics & Automation – Level 2 Requirements Deploy Infrastructure Provide for construction and assembly of site and structures Provide for infrastructure inspection and maintenance Deploy scientific instruments used for initial analysis and monitoring of Mars

Robotics & Automation – Level 2 Requirements Provide method for sample acquisition Provide for movement of Habitat and other systems Support payload operations Support EVA activity

Robotics & Automation – Level 2 Requirements Meet all fault tolerances and safety standards Operate through entire mission duration Self-diagnosis and self-maintenance Robotics must have a wide range of operations Meet all size and weight restrictions Mass for Robotics and Automation is included in Structures and CCC

Extravehicular Activity (EVA) Interfaces Subsystem Team Primary Dax Matthews Bronson Duenas Support Teresa Ellis

EVA Interfaces Subsystem Responsibilities Size and design EVA systems to operate in the Martian environment Design interfaces between EVA systems and habitat Responsible for ensuring EVA capability throughout the entire mission

EVA Systems – Level 2 Requirements Habitat must have an airlock Airlock must be separate entity EVA systems Meet all fault tolerances and safety standards Operate through entire manned portion of mission Capable of self-diagnosis and self-maintenance Meet all size and weight restrictions Airlock Area for EVA/Rover/Emergency ingress/egress for Habitat Area for ingress/egress into suit Dock for pressurized rover

EVA Systems – Level 2 Requirements Habitat must supply consumables for Airlock/EVA/Rover Thermal control must be maintained in airlock Risk of Decompression Sickness (DCS) must be minimized Airlock structure must be able to withstand Rover/Airlock docking maneuver Hatches must be easily accessible and easy to use while in suit EVA system mass must not exceed 1629 kg

Thermal Control Subsystem Team Primary Keagan Rowley Sam Baker Support Heather Chluda Heather Howard Tiffany Finley

Thermal Control Subsystem Responsibilities Keep the crew alive Maintain equipment in working condition over all mission environmental profiles

Thermal Subsystem - Level 2 Requirements Maintain a shirt sleeve environment for crew of 6 Sustain equipment temperatures within operating limits Provide control over all Martian temperature extremes Design system with 3-levels of redundancy - life critical Autonomous Thermal system Operate for entire mission duration - 15+ year lifetime Thermal System Mass requirement of 550 kg – stated in DRM Accommodate the transit to Mars Auto-deploy and activate if the thermal control system is or becomes inactive during transit Report status for communication to Earth during non-occupied times (for safety concerns)

Mars Environment and In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) Primary Heather Chluda Support Keagan Rowley Keric Hill

Mars Environment and ISRU Responsibilities Design interfaces between the habitat and the ISRU plant Work with the other subsystems to ensure that the habitat will operate successfully for the entire mission duration and under all Martian environmental extremes Evaluate potential use of any other in-situ resources

Mars Environment and ISRU - Level 2 Requirements Allow transportation of nitrogen, water and oxygen from Mars resources Storage tanks, pipes, and other equipment must survive the transit to Mars No leakage in storage tanks and pipes is allowed Maintain temperature in storage tanks and piping Storage interfaces must be compatible with habitat Interfaces to storage tanks and ISRU tanks must be performed using robots or humans Byproducts of oxygen, nitrogen and water must be transported from the ISRU plant to the habitat Pumping systems shall have adequate head to supply the habitat Shielding from the Mars environment is necessary for piping and storage tanks Emergency cut-off capabilities between the ISRU plant and the habitat In case of leakage, rupture, etc.

Mars Environment and ISRU - Level 2 Requirements The habitat and all equipment must withstand these characteristics of the Mars environment Martian atmospheric conditions Dust accumulation for all surfaces and moving parts Micrometeoroid impacts Seismic activity ranges on Mars Solar radiation accumulation and extreme events Thermal environment must be taken into account due to the orbital characteristics of Mars Gravitational environment must be taken into account for proper and effective equipment performance Maintain stability on Martian soil - suitable surface area for the habitat The habitat must not chemically react with soil Accommodate for varying topography at a range of landing sites

Current Status Identified top level requirements Determined subsystem breakdown Derived subsystem level 2 requirements

Next Step Identify Level 3 requirements Begin search for candidate solutions Determine basic layout of habitat Volume allocation and power profile Reiterate requirements and Mass budget Begin Interface Reference Document (IRD)

Critical Deadlines 10/20 – Management Briefing (IRD Status) 10/27 – IRD due 11/19 – Management Briefing (Subsystems) 12/3 – Management Briefing (Design Summary) 12/8, 12/10 – Design Presentations 12/17 – Final Report due

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