Properties of Matter 2.1 Matter has observable properties. 2.2 CHAPTER Properties of Matter the BIG idea Matter has properties that can be changed by physical and chemical processes. 2.1 Matter has observable properties. 2.2 Changes of state are physical changes. 2.3 Properties are used to identify substances. CHAPTER OUTLINE

Matter has observable properties. 2.1 Matter has observable properties. • Physical properties can be observed without changing the substance. physical property • Physical changes can change some physical properties but do not change the substance. density physical change chemical property chemical change SECTION OUTLINE

Matter has observable properties. 2.1 Matter has observable properties. • Physical properties can be observed without changing the substance. physical property • Physical changes can change some physical properties but do not change the substance. density physical change • Chemical properties describe how substances form new substances. chemical property • Chemical changes create new substances. chemical change SECTION OUTLINE

2.1 physical property Matter has observable properties. density physical change A characteristic of a substance that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance. chemical property chemical change KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

2.1 density Matter has observable properties. physical property density density physical change A property of matter representing the mass per unit volume. chemical property chemical change KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

2.1 physical change Matter has observable properties. physical property physical change density physical change A change in a substance that does not change the substance into a different one. chemical property chemical change KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

2.1 chemical property Matter has observable properties. physical property chemical property density physical change A characteristic of a substance that describes how it can form a new substance. chemical property chemical change KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

2.1 chemical change Matter has observable properties. physical property chemical change density physical change A change of one substance into another substance. chemical property chemical change KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

Changes of states are physical changes. 2.2 Changes of states are physical changes. Matter is commonly found in three states: solid, liquid, and gas. melting melting point melting freezing freezing point Solid Liquid evaporation freezing sublimation boiling evaporation, boiling boiling point condensation Liquid Gas condensation SECTION OUTLINE

2.2 melting Changes of states are physical changes. melting point freezing The process by which a substance changes from its solid state to its liquid state. freezing point evaporation sublimation boiling boiling point condensation KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

2.2 melting point Changes of states are physical changes. freezing The temperature at which a substance changes from its solid state to its liquid state through melting. freezing point evaporation sublimation boiling boiling point condensation KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

2.2 freezing Changes of states are physical changes. melting freezing melting point freezing The process by which a substance changes from its liquid state into its solid state. freezing point evaporation sublimation boiling boiling point condensation KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

2.2 freezing point Changes of states are physical changes. melting freezing point melting point freezing The temperature at which a substance changes from its liquid state to its solid state through freezing. freezing point evaporation sublimation boiling boiling point condensation KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

2.2 evaporation Changes of states are physical changes. melting evaporation melting point freezing A process by which a substance changes from its liquid state to its gas state by random particle movement. Evaporation usually occurs at the surface of a liquid over a wide range of temperatures. freezing point evaporation sublimation boiling boiling point condensation KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

2.2 sublimation Changes of states are physical changes. melting sublimation melting point freezing The process by which a substance changes directly from its solid state to its gas state without becoming a liquid first. freezing point evaporation sublimation boiling boiling point condensation KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

2.2 boiling Changes of states are physical changes. melting boiling melting point freezing A process by which a substance changes from its liquid state to its gas state. The liquid is heated to a specific temperature at which bubbles of vapor form within the liquid. freezing point evaporation sublimation boiling boiling point condensation KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

2.2 boiling point Changes of states are physical changes. melting boiling point melting point freezing The temperature at which a substance changes from its liquid state to its gas state through boiling. freezing point evaporation sublimation boiling boiling point condensation KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

2.2 condensation Changes of states are physical changes. melting condensation melting point freezing The process by which a gas changes into a liquid. freezing point evaporation sublimation boiling boiling point condensation KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

Properties are used to identify substances. 2.3 Properties are used to identify substances. Physical properties that can be used to identify substances include: • density • heating properties • solubility • electric properties • magnetic properties Mixtures can be separated by using the properties of the substances they contain. SECTION OUTLINE

2.1 Matter has observable properties. I. Matter has observable properties. physical property A. Physical properties describe a substance. density 1. Physical Properties physical change 2. Density chemical property 3. Physical Changes chemical change B. Chemical properties describe how substances form new substances. 1. Chemical Properties and Changes 2. Signs of a Chemical Change KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

Changes of states are physical changes. 2.2 Changes of states are physical changes. II. Changes of states are physical changes. melting A. Matter can change from one state to another. melting point B. Solids can become liquids, and liquids can become solids. freezing freezing point 1. Melting evaporation 2. Freezing sublimation C. Liquids can become gases, and gases can become liquids. boiling boiling point 1. Evaporation condensation 2. Boiling 3. Condensation KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

Properties are used to identify substances. 2.3 Properties are used to identify substances. III. Properties are used to identify substances. A. Substances have characteristic properties. 1. Identifying Unknown Substances 2. Properties Used for Identifying Substances B. Mixtures can be separated by using the properties of the substances in them. KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY