g]kfn PsLs/0fsf] ;+lIfKt kl/ro -lj=;+= !^!^–!(!$_ dxf ;]gfgL k|]dl;+x a:Goft, Ph.D

la=;+= !*)! cuf8L g]kfndf ePsf /fHox? afO;] /fHox? O8]g jl;G6f6{n] ;g\ df k|:t't u/]sf] laj/0f - s'n hDdf  h'Dnf  5fd  hfh/sf]6  c5fd  ?3df  d'l;sf]6  /f]Nkf  dlNnhGtf  ynx/f  aNxfª  b}n]v  8f]6L  bfl/d]sf - bfdf{_  ;Nofgf  af+kmL  dflNnofG6f  h]xf/L -Ko'7fgsf cwLg_  sfnfufp + -Ko'7fgsf cwLg_  uf]l/ofsf]6  u'tfd  uh'/  lanf;k'/

8f= /fhf/fd ;'j]bLn] df k|:t't u/]sf] ljj/0f -s'n —$! /fHo_  h'Dnf  8f]6L  b}n]v  b'Nn'  c5fd  bgf{  uf]tfd  ;Nofg  dfNg]6f  l5NnL  hfh/sf]6  bfª  afh'/f  ynf/f  aemfª  ?s'd  d'l;sf]6  af+kmL  bfdf{  y'gL - la:sf]6_  ;fGgL  v'd|L  uh'n  hxf/L

 dhfn  kmnfjfª  w"nLsf]6  af];fsf]6 - la:sf]6_  e\mofsf]6  vf+8frqm  leªu|L  a8fufp+  sfnfufp+  af]u6fg  hª\sf]6  ;fttnf  ladsf]6  /f]Nkf  kf+hfvf]nf 9fsf9fd  5fGgf  3'3'/sf]6 8f= /fhf/fd ;'j]bLn] df k|:t't u/]sf] ljj/0f -s'n —$! /fHo_

rf}aL;] /fHox?  nDh'ª  sf:sL  tgx'+  unuf]6  kj{t  g'jfsf]6  k}o"  ;tx'+  eL/sf]6  u/x'  /L;Lª  3L/Lª  9f]/  kfNkf  u'NdL  c3f{  vf+rL  w"sf]6{  6fsL{  d';Lsf]6  O:df  uf]vf{  Ko'7fg  hfh/sf]6

afO;] / rf}aL;] afx]ssf /fHox?  dsjfgk'/  ljhok'/  rf}bG8L  sf7df8f}+  eQmk'/  nlntk'/

g]kfn Plss/0f lj=;+=!^!^ df b|Jo zfxn] lnulnu sf]6 /fHo v8f u/] kl5 ;'? ePsf] xf]. n]vssf] ljZn]if0fdf lgDg kfqx? g]kfn Plss/0fsf kxnstf{ x'gM–  /fhf b|Jo zfxM– lnulnu sf]6 /fHosf] :yfkgf u/L pkNnf] sf]6 / tNnf]sf]6 ;d]t lht]/ uf]vf{ /fHosf] :yfkgf u/]. uf]vf{ eGg] gfdfs/0f pg}n] u/]sf lyP.  /fhf /fd zfxM– s's'/3f6 Onfsf lht]/ uf]vf{df ufe]sf lyP.

 a8fdxf/fhf k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxM– pgn] r]k] gbL b]lv k"j{, l6i6f gbL ;Dd Plss/0f u/]. t/ ljhok"/ -w/fg_ tyf ;Kt/L If]qdf lsrnf] 5b} pgL k/nf]s eP.  /fhf k|tfkl;+x zfxM– pgn] ljhok"/ ;Kt/L / lrtjg Onfsfsf] s]xL k|b]z g]kfndf ufe].  /fgL /fh]Gb|nIdL zfxM– pgn] r]k] gbL b]lv klZrdsf tgx', nDh'ª / sf:sL Plss/0f u/fOg.  /fhs'df/ axfb'/ zfxM– pgn] sf:sL b]lv klZrd, lsNnf sf+u8f;Dd -xfn;Dd Plss/0f ePsf k|b]zsf] sl/j % u'gf a9L_ Plss/0f u/].

 sdfG8/–Og–lrkm led;]g yfkfM– pgn] kfNkf /fHonfO{ g]kfndf ufe]. of] axfb'/ zfxsf] ;;'/fnL /fHo lyof]. Plss/0fdf kfNkfn] k};f, ;]gf / cGo s'6g}lts ;xof]u lbP/ HjfO axfb'/ zfxnfO{ ;3fPsf] lyof]. To;}n] axfb'/ zfxn] kfNkf /fHonfO{ g]kfndf ufe]sf lyPgg\.  k|wfgdGqL h+uaxfb'/ s'Fj/ /f0ffM– g]kfn c+u|]ho'4df g]kfnn] u'dfPsf k|b]z dWo pgsf] s'6g}lts rfn afhLdf jt{dfg af+s], alb{of / sGrgk"/ -goFf d'n's_ c+u|]hjf6 g]kfnnfO{ lkmtf{ lbnfP.

g]kfn Plss/0fsf] ?k/]vf -la=;+= !^!^-!(!$ jif{_ afs], abL{of, s}nfNL s+rgk'/ >L # h+uaxfb'/ /f0ff /fhs'df/axfb'/ zfx /fhf lujf{0fo'4 ljqmdsf] ;dodf hg/n led;]g yfkf d'df a8fdx/fgL /fh]Gb| nIdL /fhf bAo zfx /fhf /fd zfx a8fdxf/fhf k[YjL gf/fo0f zfx l6:6f gbL /fhf k|tfkl;+x zfx sf+u8f -/fhf u[jf{0fo'4_ s's'/3f 6 ;Kt/L, df]/ª kfNk f tgx' ndh'ª sf:sL k"gZrM :s]r :s]n cg';f/sf] 5}g >f]tM d=;]= k|]dl;+x a:Goft lnulnu sf]6 / uf] vf{ gof+ d'n's

 g]kfn PsLs/0fsf] ckJofVof M— d'Vo ?kn] xfn cfP/ k[YjLgf/fo0f zfx / pgsf] ;Gtfgn] lalaw hghftL /fHox? x8kL zfx a+zLo /fHo v8f u/]/ ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts kIfdf ;d]t uf]vf{nLs/0f u/] eGg] /x]sf] 5.

 ckJofVofaf6 /fli6«o ;'/Iffdf cfpg ;Sg] r'gf}tLx? M  ;fdflhs ;b\efj vnalnO{ /fli6«o Pstfdf cg]stf x'g]  hftLo g/;+xf/ x'g ;Sg]  lab]zL 3'; k}7 a9\g ;Sg]  b]zsf] lav08g x'g ;Sg]

 ;d:ofsf] Go"gLs/0f ug]{ ;+efJo pkfox?  ;dfj]zL tl/sfn] k|f1x?sf] 6f]nL agfO{ g]kfnsf] ;lx O{ltxf; k'g{n]vg u/L, To;nfO{ sIff % b]lv dlfyNnf] tx;Dd k9fO{ u/fpg' kg]{.  tTsfnsf] nflu ;/sf/n] g]kfnsf] ;lx O{ltxf; af]Ng / n]Vg ;Sg] k|f1 tyf lab\x?nfO{ 6]lnlehg, kq klqsf / k|jrg dfkm{t P]ltxfl;s ;Totf k|rf/ k|;f/ ug]{ k|aGw ldnfpg].  k|f1 jf la1x?af6 g]kfn ;/sf/n] sDtLdf klg x/]s /fhg}lts bnx?sf] s]lGb|o sfof{nodf g]kfn PsLs/0f af/]sf] ;lx O{ltxf;af/] k|jrg lbnfpg].

 ;lx af:tljstf  g]kfn eg]sf] sf7df8f}+ dfq xf]Og / pkTosfsf dNn /fhfx? Iflqo dNn lyP.  g]kfnleq slx klg hflto /fHo lyPg.  lnDa'jfg eGg] /fHo lyPg / Toxf+ uf]vf{nL ;]gfn] cfqmd0f u/]sf] klg lyPg.

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