MUSIC NOTES Noise Versus Music  What is the difference between noise and music?  Answer: The appearance of the waveform.  What is the difference between.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Applications of Resonance Harmonics and Beats. Beats Not that kind Not that kind This is due to the interference of two waves of similar frequencies.

Advertisements

1. If this standing wave is 3.2 m long, what is the wavelength? (2.56 m)

Harmonic Series and Spectrograms 220 Hz (A3) Why do they sound different? Instrument 1 Instrument 2Sine Wave.

Musical Instruments Contents: What is the difference between high and low notes? Why do different instruments sound different? What does it mean to play.

SOUND WAVES Sound is a longitudinal wave produced by a vibration that travels away from the source through solids, liquids, or gases, but not through a.

Beats  Different waves usually don’t have the same frequency. The frequencies may be much different or only slightly different.  If the frequencies are.

Chapter 14 Sound. Using a Tuning Fork to Produce a Sound Wave A tuning fork will produce a pure musical note A tuning fork will produce a pure musical.

Chapter 21 Musical Sounds Noise Versus Music Pitch Pitch Loudness Loudness Quality Quality.

Six Flags registration due next Friday!!!!!!

Harmonics Physics Chapter 13-3 Pages A. Standing waves on a vibrating string Fundamental frequency – lowest frequency of vibration of a standing.

Standing Waves When an incident wave interferes with a reflected wave to form areas of constructive and destructive interference. When an incident wave.

THE PHYSICS OF MUSIC ♫. MUSIC Musical Tone- Pleasing sounds that have periodic wave patterns. Quality of sound- distinguishes identical notes from different.

Chapter 12 Objectives Differentiate between the harmonic series of open and closed pipes. Calculate the harmonics of a vibrating string and of open and.

Waves A wave is a rhythmic disturbance that carries energy through matter or space.

Harmonic Series and Spectrograms

Standing waves on a string (review) n=1,2,3... Different boundary conditions: Both ends fixed (see above) Both ends free (similar to both ends fixed )

Musical Instruments. Standing Waves  Waves that reflect back and forth interfere.  Some points are always at rest – standing waves.

Vibrating Strings and Resonance in Air Columns. String Instruments  In many musical instruments, the source sets a string into vibration  Standing waves.

Sound quality and instruments  Different notes correspond to different frequencies  The equally tempered scaled is set up off of 440 A  meaning the.

A “physical phenomenon that stimulates the sense of hearing.”

Calculate the speed of 25 cm ripples passing through water at 120 waves/s.

13.3. Harmonics A vibrating string will produce standing waves whose frequencies depend upon the length of the string. Harmonics Video 2:34.

Chapter 26 Sound & Music Sound …...a longitudinal wave in air caused by a vibrating object.

Chapter 14 Waves and Sound

Day 6 Exam I is on Thursday. Be sure to attend lab this week.

Chapter 15 Sounds.

CH. 21 Musical Sounds. Musical Tones have three main characteristics 1)Pitch 2) Loudness 3)Quality.

More On Sound. Quality How you can tell one sound source from another even when playing the same frequency Depends on the presence of overtones.

Chapter 12 Section 3: Harmonics.

STANDING WAVES. Standing Waves - appear to be ‘standing’ still in their left to right motion - in constant position.

Sound Notes 3 Frequency, Pitch and Music. Frequency Frequency – the number of complete waves ______ _____________. Different sounds have ____________.

M USIC. S TANDING W AVES At the right frequencies a constrained wave will produce a standing wave Standing waves appear stationary Result of constructive.

Frequency Higher frequency = high sound = More waves = shorter wavelength Low frequency = Low sound =Less waves= longer wavelength.

Standing Waves in Sound Tubes Physics Mrs. Coyle.

Chapter 21 Musical Sounds.

Harmonics. Each instrument has a mixture of harmonics at varying intensities Principle of superposition Periodics- Repeating patterns of waveforms.

SoundSection 3 What do you think? A violin, a trumpet, and a clarinet all play the same note, a concert A. However, they all sound different. What is the.

Harmonic Series and Spectrograms BY JORDAN KEARNS (W&L ‘14) & JON ERICKSON (STILL HERE )

Physics. Wave and Sound - 4 Session Session Objectives.

The Physics of Music Waves

Waves and Sound Honors Physics.

Harmonics Review Music to my ears?. Standing Waves Vibrating Strings Each standing wave has a different frequency Single pitches = Multiple frequencies.

If two sounds are only slightly off in terms of frequency The ‘Beats’  Produce a periodic rise and fall of amplitude (volume)  Throbbing Sound = Beats.

Chaps  Produced by vibrating material objects ◦ e.g. vibrating piano string, vibrating tuning fork, vibrating saxophone reed, vibrating column.

Sound Waves The production of sound from a sound wave begins with a vibrating object.

12-3 Harmonics.

 Wave energy depends on amplitude, the more amplitude it has, the more energy it has.

15.1 Properties and Detection of Sound Interference of sound waves.

Traveling Waves Standing Waves Musical Instruments Musical Instruments all work by producing standing waves. There are three types of instrument.

Adding waves can be positive or negative.. Superposition  When two (or more) waves interfere (meet… they’re at the same place at the same time) the resultant.

Sound Part II  Music What is the study of sound called?  Acoustics.

Sound, Waves, uh yea.. Sound! Come  Pitch, loudness, and timbre are all perceived attributes of sound.  Pitch is the perceived frequency.

Music Music is a “ pleasant ” sound (longitudinal) wave. The pitch is the frequency of the wave. The loudness is the amplitude of the wave. Music is made.

Musical Instruments. Notes  Different musical notes correspond to different frequencies  The equally tempered scaled is set up off of 440 A  meaning.

Chapter 16: Sound 16-5 Quality of Sound, and Noise; Superposition 16-6 Interference of Sound Waves; Beats 16-7 Doppler Effect HW problems: Chapter 16:

Chapter 18 Waves and Sound

Wave Interference A material object will not share its space with another object, but more than one wave can exist at the.

Musical Instruments.

Determine the l, f, & T of the 49th overtone of a 4

Mechanical Wave Interactions

Notes 21.2: RESONANCE.

Chapter 13 Objectives Explain why resonance occurs.

Standing waves.

Standing waves review A standing wave occurs when there is constructive interference between a wave and it reflections from a boundary.

Chapter 16: Sound HW2: Chapter 16: Pb.2, Pb 18, Pb.24, Pb 35, Pb.40, Pb.62 Due on Wednesday 24.

THE PHYSICS OF MUSIC ♫.

14-7 Superposition and Interference

Presentation transcript:

MUSIC NOTES

Noise Versus Music  What is the difference between noise and music?  Answer: The appearance of the waveform.  What is the difference between noise and music?  Answer: The appearance of the waveform.

Pitch...  … is the "highness" or "lowness" of a tone.  Pitch corresponds to frequency.  Concert A on the Musical Scale has a frequency of 440 Hertz.  … is the "highness" or "lowness" of a tone.  Pitch corresponds to frequency.  Concert A on the Musical Scale has a frequency of 440 Hertz.

Major Scale Letter Frequency Frequency Note Name (Hz) ratio Interval do C 264 9/8 Whole re D /9 Whole mi E /15 Half fa F 352 9/8 Whole sol G /9 Whole la A 440 9/8 Whole ti B /15 Half do C 528

Same Note - Different Instrument

 Harmonic  a partial tone that is an integer multiple of the fundamental frequency  Fundamental Frequency  the lowest frequency of vibration  a.k.a. the first harmonic  Harmonic  a partial tone that is an integer multiple of the fundamental frequency  Fundamental Frequency  the lowest frequency of vibration  a.k.a. the first harmonic

Harmonics  Harmonics on a Guitar String closed at both ends  Harmonics in an Organ Pipe  Open on one end, close on the other OR  Open on both ends  Harmonics on a Guitar String closed at both ends  Harmonics in an Organ Pipe  Open on one end, close on the other OR  Open on both ends

Overtones

Example: What is the wavelength and frequencies of the fundamental and the first two overtones of a.3 m long closed pipe? (For v=340 m/s) How about for an open pipe? Example Problem

Example: What is the wavelength and frequencies of the fundamental and the first two overtones of a.3 m long closed pipe? (For v=340 m/s) How about for an open pipe? The fundamental for a closed pipe is from a node to antinode so L= 1/2 WL. WL0=.3*2=.6m, if v=340 m/s Then f0=v/WL=340/.6 = 566 Hz. For the first overtone L=3/2 WL WL1=.3*2/3=.2m. f1=v/WL=340/.2=1700 Hz (3*f0) For the second overtone L=5/2WL. WL2=.3*2/5=.12m f2=v/WL=340/.12=2833 Hz (5* f0) Example Problem

Example: What is the wavelength and frequencies of the fundamental and the first two overtones of a.3 m long closed pipe? (For v=340 m/s) How about for an open pipe? The fundamental for a open pipe is from a antinode to antinode so L= WL. WL0=.3=.3m, if v=340 m/s Then f0=v/WL=340/.3 = 1133 Hz. For the first overtone L=2 WL WL1=.3*/2=.15m. f1=v/WL=340/.15=2266 Hz (2*f0) For the second overtone L=3WL. WL2=.3/3=.1m f2=v/WL=340/.1=3400 Hz (3* f0) Example Problem

Composite Waves

Oboe and Clarinet

superposition

Example: Graph a note that is 256 Hz and a half as strong second harmonic: Example Problem

Example: Graph a note that is 256 Hz and a half as strong second harmonic: Second harmonic means f2= 3 f0 = 768 Hz at half the amplitude.

Interference

 Beats - the periodic variation in loudness of two sounds played together  The beat frequency is equal to the difference in the frequency of the two sounds.  What is the beat frequency when a 262 Hz and a 266 Hz tuning fork are sounded together?  Beats - the periodic variation in loudness of two sounds played together  The beat frequency is equal to the difference in the frequency of the two sounds.  What is the beat frequency when a 262 Hz and a 266 Hz tuning fork are sounded together? BeatsBeats

Radio Broadcasts  Modulation - an impression of the sound wave on a higher frequency radio wave  AM  Amplitude Modulation  535 kHz to 1605 kHz  FM  Frequency Modulation  88 MHz to 108 MHz  Modulation - an impression of the sound wave on a higher frequency radio wave  AM  Amplitude Modulation  535 kHz to 1605 kHz  FM  Frequency Modulation  88 MHz to 108 MHz

AM vs FM

SOUND/MUSIC NOTES SOURCE Sonogram (frequency vs loudness) Oscilliscope (time vs. pressure) Explanation: notes

SOUND/MUSIC NOTES SOURCE Sonogram (frequency vs loudness) Oscilliscope (time vs. pressure) Explanation:

SOUND/MUSIC NOTES SOURCE Sonogram (frequency vs loudness) Oscilliscope (time vs. pressure) Explanation:

SOUND/MUSIC NOTES SOURCE Sonogram (frequency vs loudness) Oscilliscope (time vs. pressure) Explanation:

SOUND/MUSIC NOTES SOURCE Sonogram (frequency vs loudness) Oscilliscope (time vs. pressure) Explanation:

SOUND/MUSIC NOTES SOURCE Sonogram (frequency vs loudness) Oscilliscope (time vs. pressure) Explanation:

SOUND/MUSIC NOTES SOURCE Sonogram (frequency vs loudness) Oscilliscope (time vs. pressure) Explanation:

SOUND/MUSIC NOTES SOURCE Sonogram (frequency vs loudness) Oscilliscope (time vs. pressure) Explanation:

SOUND/MUSIC NOTES SOURCE Sonogram (frequency vs loudness) Oscilliscope (time vs. pressure) Explanation:

SOUND/MUSIC NOTES SOURCE Sonogram (frequency vs loudness) Oscilliscope (time vs. pressure) Explanation:

SOUND/MUSIC NOTES SOURCE Sonogram (frequency vs loudness) Oscilliscope (time vs. pressure) Explanation:

SOUND/MUSIC NOTES SOURCE Sonogram (frequency vs loudness) Oscilliscope (time vs. pressure) Explanation: