BIOS Kas yra BIOS? Kaip BIOS užkrauna operacinę sistemą?

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BIOS Kas yra BIOS? Kaip BIOS užkrauna operacinę sistemą? CMOS Setup Utility programa. Pagrindiniai BIOS nustatymai.

Kas yra BIOS? BIOS (visas pavadinimas “Basic Input/Output System” – pagrindinė įvesties ir išvesties sistema) yra žemo lygio programa, kuri verčia “Windows” (arba DOS, “Linux” ar kitos jūsų naudojamos operacinės sistemos) komandas ir duomenis į kompiuterio lustams suprantamą kalbą. BIOS kodas yra luste, esančiame pagrindinėje plokštėje, todėl jį sunku pakeisti.

Kaip BIOS užkrauna operacinę sistemą? Įjungus kompiuterį veiksmai vyksta taip: 1. Pagrindinis procesorius (CPU) “pabunda” ir duoda signalą aktyvuoti BIOS. 2.Tuomet BIOS atlieka eilę testų, įsitikina ar visi įrenginiai dirba gerai: · Patikrina sistemos įrenginius ir čipsetų registrus; · Patikrina įtampos valdymus; · Testuoja operatyviąją atmintį (RAM); · Įjungia klaviatūrą; · Testuoja serijinius ir paralelinius portus; · Atpažįsta diskelio ir diskų kontrolerius; · Pateikia sistemos informacijos santrauką. 3. Palyginama sistemos konfigūracija (gauta testuojant) su saugoma CMOS informacija. 4. Tuomet BIOS ieško sektoriaus, kuriame saugoma kompiuterio paleidimo procedūra. 5. Pagaliau užkraunama operacinė sistema.

CMOS Setup Utility programa. Norint, kad kompiuterio lustai ir įtaisai (diskinis kaupiklis, atmintinė, lygiagretieji prievadai ir pan.) būtų tinkamai valdomi, BIOS turi žinoti, kokių tipų įrenginiai yra jūsų kompiuteryje ir (kai yra pasirinkimas) kokio jų veikimo norite. Programa, kuri naudojama BIOS parametrams pasiekti ir keisti, vadinama “CMOS (Complementary metal oxside semiconductor – lusto technologija) Setup” (nustatymo programa). Pasiekti kompiuterio CMOS nustatymo programą yra paprasta (paprastai tai būna klavišai “Delete” arba “F1”). Po meniu yra nurodymai: kaip išjungti programą “CMOS Setup Utility” (klavišu Esc); kaip išjungiant programą išsaugoti keitimus (klavišu F10); kaip pasirinkti meniu punktą (kryties klavišais); kaip pakeisti spalvą (klavišais Shift+F2). Paspaudę klavišą Esc, pamatysite klausimą “Quit Without Saving (Y/N)?”. Jeigu pakeitimų nenorite išsaugoti, pirma paspauskite klavišą Y, o paskui klavišą Enter, jeigu norite – spauskite klavišą Enter.

ROM PCI/ISA BIOS (2A5KFF9A) CMOS SETUP UTILITY AWARD SOFTWARE, INC. STANDARD CMOS SETUP BIOS FEATURES SETUP CHIPSET FEATURES SETUP POWER MANAGEMENT SETUP PNP/PCI CONFIGURATION SETUP LOAD BIOS DEFAULTS LOAD SETUP DEFAULTS INTEGRATED PERIPHERALS SUPERVISOR PASSWORD USER PASSWORD IDE HDD AUTO DETECTION HDD LOW LEVEL FORMAT SAVE & EXIT SETUP EXIT WITHOUT SAVING Esc F10 : Quit : Save & Exit Setup (Shift) F2 : Select Item : Color Time, Date, Hard Disk Type…

ROM PCI/ISA BIOS (2A5KFF9A) STANDARD CMOS SETUP AWARD SOFTWARE, INC. Date (mm:dd:yy) : Fri, Dec 6 1996 Time (hh:mm:ss) : 15 : 40 : 00 HARD DISKS TYPE SIZE CYLS HEAD PRECOMP LANDE SEKTOR MODE Primary Master Primary Slave Secondary Master Secondary Slave : Auto AUTO Drive A Drive B : 1.44M, 3.5in : None Base Memory : Extended Memory : Other Memory : 640K 15360K 384K Video Halt On : EGA/VGA : All Errors Total Memory : 16384K Esc F1 : Quit : Help (Shift) F2 : Select Item : Color PU/PD/+/- : Modify

ROM PCI/ISA BIOS (2A5KFF9A) BIOS FEATURES SETUP AWARD SOFTWARE, INC. Virus Warning CPU Internal Cache External Cache Quick Power On Self Test Boot Sequence Swap Floppy Drive Boot Up Floppy Seek Boot Up Numlock Status Boot Up System Speed Gate A20 Option Typematic Rate Setting Typematic Rate (Chars/Sec) Typematic Delay (Msec) Security Option PCI/VGA Palett Snoop Assign IRQ For VGA OS Select For DRAM> 64MB Report No FDD For WIN 95 : Disabled : Enabled : C, A, SCSI : On : High : Fast : 6 : 250 : Setup : Non-OS2 : No Video BIOS Shadow C8000-CBFFF Shadow CC000-CFFFF Shadow D0000-D3FFF Shadow C4000-D7FFF Shadow D8000-DBFFF Shadow DC000-DFFFF Shadow Esc F1 F5 F6 F7 : Quit : Help : Old Values : Load BIOS Default : Load Setup Default PU/PD/+/- (Shift) F2 : Select Item : Modify : Color

ROM PCI/ISA BIOS (2A5KFF9A) CHIPSET FEATURES SETUP AWARD SOFTWARE, INC. Auto Configuration L2 TAG RAM Size AT Bus Clock DRAM Timing SDRAM CAS Latency Pipelined Function Graphics Aperture Size SDRAM Burst X-1-1-1-1-1-1-1 DRAM Data Integrity Mode Memory Hole At 15-16M Host Read DRAM Command ISA Line Buffer Passive Release Delay Transaction Primary Frame Buffer VGA Frame Buffer Data Merge : Enabled : 8 : CLK2/4 : Normal : 3 : 64MB : Disabled : Syn. CPU Warning Temperature Current CPU Temperature : 600C/1330F : 510C/1230F Esc F1 F5 F6 F7 : Quit : Help : Old Values : Load BIOS Default : Load Setup Default PU/PD/+/- (Shift) F2 : Select Item : Modify : Color

ROM PCI/ISA BIOS (2A5KFF9A) INTEGRATED PERIPHERALS AWARD SOFTWARE, INC. On-Chip Primary IDE Master PIO Slave PIO Master Ultra DMA Slave Ultra DMA On-Chip Secondary IDE IDE HDD Block Mode On-Chip USB Controller Init AGP Display First Ring/Wake on Lan Controller RTC Alarm Controller Power on function : Enabled : Auto : Disabled : PCI Slot : Button Only KBC Clock Source Onboard FDC Controller Onboard Uart Port 1 Onboard Uart Port 2 Onboard Parallel Port Parallel Port Mode ECP Mode USE DMA Onboard IRDA Port : 8MHZ : 3F8/IRQ4 : 2F8/IRQ3 : 378/IRQ7 : ECPEPP1.9 : 3 Esc F1 F5 F6 F7 : Quit : Help : Old Values : Load BIOS Default : Load Setup Default PU/PD/+/- (Shift) F2 : Select Item : Modify : Color

ROM PCI/ISA BIOS (2A5KFF9A) POWER MANAGEMENT SETUP AWARD SOFTWARE, INC. PM Control By APM MODEM Use IRQ Video Off Option Video Off Method ** PM Monitor ** HDD Power Down Doze Mode Standby Mode Suspend Mode Throttle Duty Cycle ** PM Events ** Bus Master Primary HDD Secondary HDD Video I/O Floppy COM Ports : User Define : Yes : 3 : Susp, Stby -> Off : DPMS Support : Disabled : 62.5% - 75% : Enabled Keyboard LPT Ports ** External Switch ** Power Button DOCK I/O SMI AC Power SMI Thermal SMI : Power Off Esc F1 F5 F6 F7 : Quit : Help : Old Values : Load BIOS Default : Load Setup Default PU/PD/+/- (Shift) F2 : Select Item : Modify : Color

ROM PCI/ISA BIOS (2A5KFF9A) PNP/PCI CONFIUGURATION AWARD SOFTWARE, INC. PNP OS Installed Resources Controlled Resources Configuration Data IRQ-3 assigned to IRQ-4 assigned to IRQ-5 assigned to IRQ-7 assigned to IRQ-9 assigned to IRQ-10 assigned to IRQ-11 assigned to IRQ-12 assigned to IRQ-14 assigned to IRQ-15 assigned to DMA-0 assigned to DMA-3 assigned to DMA-5 assigned to DMA-6 assigned to DMA-7 assigned to : No : Manual : Disable : PCI/ISA PnP PCI IRQ Actived By PCI IDE IRQ Map To : Level : ISA Esc F1 F5 F6 F7 : Quit : Help : Old Values : Load BIOS Default : Load Setup Default PU/PD/+/- (Shift) F2 : Select Item : Modify : Color

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