Maximizing Satellite Transmission Efficiency With DVB-S2 Gidi Raz

Agenda The Challenge What is DVB-S2 DVB-S2 New Tools & Technologies DVB-S2 Business Model

Transmission costs (1.5-2M$ / 36 Mhz / Year) The Challenge Transmission costs (1.5-2M$ / 36 Mhz / Year) Increasing number of channels Moving to HD – High bandwidth consumer Reduce OPEX / CAPEX Limitations in current DVB-S and DVB-DSNG

So what do we need? Increased data throughput in a given bandwidth, or Use less satellite capacity and save money Increased availability through improved link margin – More robust Increased coverage area Smaller dish DVB-S2 Moving to S2 enables more content on the same spectrum More robust in aspect of delivery quality Increases foot print Require smaller dishes

What is DVB-S2 ? New DVB standard for digitial satellite communications Up to 30% bandwidth saving Up to 2.5 dB margin gain Meant to replace DVB-S & DVB-DSNG New features such as: Support of multiple streams on a single carrier Variable and Adaptive Coding and Modulation Much better spectral efficiency So close to the Shannon limit that it could be the last DVB-S standard! Shannon's Law Expresses the maximum possible data speed that can be obtained in a data channel. Shannon's Law says that the highest obtainable error-free data speed, expressed in bits per second (bps), is a function of the bandwidth and the signal-to-noise ratio

Short Example Using 36Mhz transponder using different modulation and compression scheme - Shannon limit - maximum possible data speed that can be obtained in a data channel

DVB-S2 Applications Broadcast Services- digital multi-programme Television (TV) / High Definition Television (HDTV) broadcasting services to be used for primary and secondary distribution in Fixed Satellite Service (FSS) and Broadcast Satellite Service (BSS) bands. (Including compatibility to MPEG-4) Digital TV Contribution and Satellite News Gathering (DTVC/DSNG) Interactive Services- Interactive data services including Internet access (only the forward broadband channel) Data content distribution/trunking and other professional applications (only the forward broadband channel)

DVB-S2 Why the new system? 2.5dB = 33% more useful data rate, or 2.5m Vs. 4.5m antenna Shannon limit DVB-S2 DVB-S & DSNG - Shannon limit - maximum possible data speed that can be obtained in a data channel 2.5 dB margin gain signal-to-noise ratio

DVB-S2 and Broadcast applications (DTH) Typical 36MHz transponder usage with DVB-S and DVB-S2: SATELLITE EIRP 51 dBW SATELLITE EIRP 53.7 dBW DVB-S DVB-S2 DVB-S DVB-S2 Symbol Rate Roll-Off factor 27.5 Mbauds (ROF 0.35) 30.9 Mbauds (ROF 0.20) 27.5 Mbauds (ROF 0.35) 29.7 Mbauds (ROF 0.25) Modulation QPSK 2/3 QPSK 3/4 QPSK 7/8 8PSK 23 Bit rate 33.8 Mbps 46 Mbps (+36%) 44.4 Mbps 58.8 Mbps (+32%) Number of SD channels 7 SDTV MPEG2 15 SDTV h.264 10 SDTV MPEG2 21 SDTV h.264 10 SDTV MPEG2 20 SDTV h.264 13 SDTV MPEG2 26 SDTV h.264 Example for utilization of S Vs. S2 modulation on 36 MHz transponders Number of HD channels 1 HD MPEG2 3 HD h.264 2 HD MPEG2 5 HD h.264 2 HD MPEG2 5 HD h.264 3 HD MPEG2 6 HD h.264

DVB-S2 SYSTEM Tools Powerful FEC system based on LDPC (Low-Density Parity Check) codes Wide range of code rates (from 1/4 up to 9/10) New Modulation schemes ranging from 2 to 5 bit/second/Hz spectrum efficiency - QPSK, 8PSK, 16APSK, 32APSK Set of three spectrum shapes with roll-off factors 0.35, 0.25 and 0.20 Flexible stream adapter, suitable to operate with single and multiple TS on the same carrier with different modulation and FEC Variable & Adaptive Coding and Modulation (VCM/ACM) functionality, allowing to optimise channel coding and modulation on a frame-by-frame basis. The LDPC replaces the traditional Viterbi & Reed Solomon Instead of limited code rates ½, 2/3, ¾ - enables more flexibility regarding the overhead required for FEC in very good condition you could use 1/9 FEC meaning adding one packet on each 9 packet for recovery, in bad conditions (storm) you could select ½ rate more meaning on each packet another packet for recovery. three spectrum shapes – enable better utilization of the signal Flexible stream adapter – enables different TS on the same carrier with different modulation scheam, different FEC

Three Spectrum Shapes 20% three spectrum shapes – enable better utilization of the signal

DVB-S2 Modes and Options 3 standards in one: Non Backward Compatible Broadcast Backward Compatible Mode Adaptive Coding and Modulation Option Non Backwards – only IRD’s supporting S2 will work Adaptive Coding – Enabling different coding & modulation on the same carrier Backwards – Can support both S and S2

Non Backward Compatible NBC Mode – Taking advantage of all S2 Capabilities Specifies QPSK, 8PSK, 16APSK and 32APSK constellations Uses a LDPC Block code (64kbit block size) 16 kbit block size as an option – for low delay mode Coding performance within 1dB of Shannon limit Many code rates from ¼ to 9/10 This mode will be used only when all the receivers supports S2 (Scopus solution for DSNG) Taking the advantage of all S2 capabilities – non hierarchy mode

BCM - Backwards Compatible Mode Sending, on a single Satellite channel, two Transport Streams - Hierarchical QPSK HP (High Priority) DVB-S (QPSK) – modulate for DVB-S LP (Low Priority) DVB-S2 (BPSK) ) – modulate for DVB-S2 Example: At QPSK ¾ it can add up to 17Mbps for new programs in DVB-S2. (36Mhz TP) In this mode the modulator build the signal hierarchically, high priority channel is modulate for dvb-s for all receivers and low priority channel on the dvb-s2 maximizing the bandwidth usage Non-uniform 8PSK constellation Hierarchical QPSK

Variable & Adaptive Coding/Modulation Option within the standard – not implemented yet For interactive and one-to-one applications making use of return channels to provide the exact channel protection Coding and Modulation can change on an FEC block basis Mode is signalled by a header added to the front of each FEC block It’s only in the standard, no one did it yet. It requires system support

New Modulation Constellations QPSK 2 bits/symbol 8PSK 3 bits/symbol Graphic presentation of the spectrum utilization using different modulation schemes. QPSK – 2 Bits 8PSK – 3 Bits 16APSK – 4 Bits 32APSK – 5 Bits 16APSK 4 bits/symbol 32APSK 5 bits/symbol

Comparison of DVB-S2 and DVB-S Subject DVB-S DVB-DSNG DVB-S2 FEC Reed-Solomon & Viterbi LDPC FEC rates 0.46 – 0.81 0.25 - 0.9 FEC Performance 2-2.5 dB better Modulation BPSK, QPSK QPSK,8PSK,16QAM QPSK,8PSK,16APSK,32APSK Max Spectral Efficiency 1.61 3.22 4.44 Block size ~ 32Kbit 64Kbit , 16Kbit Roll-off 0.35 0.35, 0.25 0.35, 0.25, 0.20 CCM/VCM/ACM CCM VCM/ACM (for IP data) Implementation Complexity Low Medium Very High Stream adaptation MPEG MPEG & programmable

Three Operation Mode CCM Constant Coding and Modulation All frames use the same (fixed) parameters VCM Variable Coding and Modulation Different streams/services are coded with different (fixed) parameters on the same carrier ACM Adaptive Coding and Modulation Each frame is coded with its own set of parameters. Parameters are modified dynamically according to the reception conditions for each receiver CCM – when a transport stream is sent with fixed parameters VCM – sending 2 streams with different modulation parameters over the same transponder ACM – Each frame is coded with its own set of parameters. Parameters are modified dynamically according to the reception conditions for each receiver

Distribution of multiple TS multiplexes DTT Transmitters (Multiple TS, Constant Code Modulator - CCM) DVB-S2 Modulator Mode adapter QPSK Rate 5/6 DTT MUX 1 1 SD MERGER Transport Stream 1 Stream Adapter FEC Coder Mod SD DTT MUX 2 2 Transport Stream 2 SD Constant Coding & Modulation SD

Distribution of multiple TS multiplexes Perfect fit for DVB-T distribution 2 Transport streams of 24 Mbps on single carrier (36 Mhz) Can carry more than 30 Mpeg4/SD channels or 6-8 HD Channels

Applications- SDTV and HDTV broadcasting 2. Differentiated channel protection (Variable Code Modulation, Multiple TS - VCM) DVB-S2 Modulator Mode adapter QPSK Rate 3/4 MUX 1 1 SD MERGER Transport Stream 1 Stream Adapter FEC Coder Mod SD Two different streams with different modulation parameters are sent over the same transponder MUX 2 HD 2 Transport Stream 2 16 APSK Rate 3/4 HD

Applications 3. DSNG Services using ACM (Single Transport Stream, information rate varying in time) Using the return channel to adapt modulation and FEC

No ACM /VCM

With ACM and VCM

Business Models Using the return channel to adapt modulation and FEC

Two Examples Contribution Distribution Delivering 5 Mbps from point to point DBV-S: QPSK ¾ , with roll off factor of 0.35 requires 4.88 Mhz DBV-S2: QPSK 9/10 , with roll off factor of 0.2 requires 3.37 Mhz Total bandwidth saving of 30% Total cost saving is $70,000 a year (ROI 5 Months) Distribution Distribution of 10 channels to 10 location (average 3.5 Mbps/Ch.) DBV-S: QPSK ¾ , with roll off factor of 0.35 requires 34.18 Mhz DBV-S2: QPSK 9/10 , with roll off factor of 0.2 requires 23.86 Mhz Total cost saving is $620,000 a year (ROI 5 Months) This mode will be used only when all the receivers supports S2 (Scopus solution for DSNG) Taking the advantage of all S2 capabilities – non hierarchy mode

Business Model - Contribution

Business Model - Distribution

Take advantage of the new technology Mpeg4 / DVB-S2 Summary Take advantage of the new technology Mpeg4 / DVB-S2 Save at least 30% bandwidth / Money

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