AF ISR A Comprehensive Review UNCLASSIIFIED AF ISR A Comprehensive Review Good afternoon, it’s a real pleasure and a privilege to be here with you today to share some thoughts on how Air Force Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance is aligned to meet today’s 21st century operations… Lt Gen Larry James Deputy Chief of Staff, ISR Overall Briefing Classification: UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIIFIED

Holistic Review from a Capability Perspective UNCLASSIIFIED Purpose Baseline review the AF ISR Enterprise to include all capabilities that contribute to ISR missions, regardless of the programming portfolio - Information architecture - Processing, Exploitation, and Dissemination (PED) - Sensors - Platforms - Personnel Holistic Review from a Capability Perspective UNCLASSIIFIED

SECAF Task Direction Context for Review: absence of objectively determined joint requirements for ISR; unconstrained requests for additional MQ-1/9 CAPs that are unsustainable; and independently sponsored ISR R&D projects driven by JUON and availability of OCO funding Within this context: AF must balance currently growing capabilities with the reality of significant resource limitations ahead Demonstrate: How and where ISR capabilities have grown over time; Current and programmed level of effort in growing the ISR enterprise, including personnel, training, communications, and infrastructure; Commitment to sustaining capabilities to meet future needs; Balance between the MQ-1/9 force and other assets, including more advanced capabilities, in a future security environment that is more non-permissive and resource constrained; Rationale and recommendations for prioritizing multiple ISR and demo programs now underway

A View of the Future: The 2030 AF ISR Enterprise Seamless, open-architecture, all-domain, sensor-agnostic, “go-to” information source integrated with AF C2 architectures Able to characterize any target set (Air, space, cyber, or terrestrial) as a “network” to enable effects-based targeting and assessment Capability to persistently access target sets by necessary means Ability to collaboratively plan all-domain ISR ops as a single entity Demands trained/equipped analysts with critical thinking skills Needs secure, reliable, sufficient information pathways Fully integrated operations in a networked world Operators and Intel professionals working as a fused team in all domains Must improve the way we think, train, and operate Success in war depends on superior information…ISR underpins every mission the DoD executes

BLUF AF ISR well-postured to operate in permissive environments UNCLASSIIFIED BLUF AF ISR well-postured to operate in permissive environments Sufficient airborne ISR capability in the near term Growing to 65 CAPs on schedule We will consolidate recent gains and continue to improve Continuously evaluating airborne fleet (RJ, U-2, Global Hawk, etc.) Evaluating ability to operate across the spectrum of ops to include A2AD Need persistent access to characterize areas of interest Need ability to move information securely and reliably Must be able to PED the information on required timelines Must continue to improve analyst tools Need enhanced open-architecture, machine-to-machine processes Better integrate non-traditional ISR sources into existing construct Capability, Planning and Analysis feeds all Core Function Master Plans Need improved acquisition to field capabilities on required pace UNCLASSIIFIED

UNCLASSIIFIED Strategic Guidance UNCLASSIIFIED

AF Role for the Nation “The Nation’s principle air and space force…” UNCLASSIIFIED AF Role for the Nation “The Nation’s principle air and space force…” “Conduct offensive and defensive ops…to gain and maintain air superiority, air supremacy, as required…to enable conduct of U.S. and allied land, sea, air, space, and special operations” “Conduct global precision attack, to include strategic attack…prompt global strike…global personnel recovery” “Provide rapid global mobility…agile combat support…integrated C2” “Provide timely, global integrated ISR…to support worldwide ops” DODD 5100.01, Functions of the Department of Defense and Its Major Components, SECDEF, Dec 21, 2010 “The Joint Force will be able to counter highly capable adversaries. The Navy and Air Force will provide the primary level of effort during such a contingency Defense Planning Guidance, 29 Aug 11 UNCLASSIIFIED

UNCLASSIIFIED Findings UNCLASSIIFIED

UNCLASSIIFIED Findings AF well postured to conduct permissive environment ISR operations AF will continuously improve the current ISR capabilities to consolidate gains Growth to 65 MQ-1/9 CAPs on track AF ISR expected to operate across the spectrum of ops, humanitarian assistance/disaster relief through major conflict Robust, reliable, secure information architectures and communications enable all operations Ability to process, exploit, and disseminate information on ever-shorter timelines requires focused effort Analyst training and improved tool suites will always be a requirement Will continue to analyze sensor/platform/PED mix required to balance full-spectrum capabilities, especially all-domain A2AD operations C2 of ISR must be integrated with other C2 architectures to provide maximum return on investment Demand for AF ISR is increasing around the world—requires prioritization UNCLASSIIFIED

UNCLASSIIFIED Key Insights UNCLASSIIFIED

Key Insights Information Architecture PED Platforms/sensors mix C2 UNCLASSIIFIED Key Insights Information Architecture PED Platforms/sensors mix C2 UNCLASSIIFIED

Information Architecture Insights UNCLASSIIFIED Information Architecture Insights AF needs to determine sufficiency of current global information architecture Large data rates, high-definition sensors, increased users and rising expectations are combining to tax information pathways Future threats may further exacerbate limitations AF needs to partner with many users to maximize agility and flexibility Separate domain capabilities need review to understand a way ahead to integrate capabilities UNCLASSIIFIED

UNCLASSIIFIED PED Insights AF is the only service providing “Joint” PED and there is some external expectation that the AF contribution will increase AF needs to develop future PED capability holistically to account for all-domain requirements and leverage all-domain capabilities Need to refine global demand from COCOMs Must recognize and account for space/cyber requirements and contributions Non-traditional ISR will provide more information than ever but we must improve information transfer mechanisms Information architectures need to account for and integrate PED requirements UNCLASSIIFIED

Platform/Sensor Mix Insights UNCLASSIIFIED Platform/Sensor Mix Insights AF needs to characterize the full spectrum of potential targets, in all domains Air Mix of manned and unmanned platforms still required Non-traditional ISR has significant potential Airborne capability needs to be considered as just one part of “all- domain” solutions A2AD capability needs to be a key part of AF focus Space Space Situational Awareness is more than Missile Warning and object collision avoidance PED architecture needs to integrate with existing capability Multi-domain tipping and cueing is a game changer UNCLASSIIFIED

Platform/Sensor Mix Insights Cyberspace UNCLASSIIFIED Platform/Sensor Mix Insights Cyberspace Like Space, PED architecture needs to integrate with existing other domain capability Policy development, with respect to multi-level security to enable coordination and collaboration, needs focus Cyberspace offers significant opportunity to enable military operations, if considered in context Persistent ISR is as applicable to cyberspace as it is to other domains UNCLASSIIFIED

UNCLASSIIFIED C2 Insights C2 needs to be developed holistically and should be consistent across domains C2 must consider an entire capability and not be tied to individual platforms Improves consistency Non-traditional ISR needs to be “normalized” C2 of airborne PED resources needs to be based on information and product development requirements vice tied to platform apportionment C2 of PED for Space and Cyberspace information needs to be considered as part of the overall “PED solution” UNCLASSIIFIED

UNCLASSIIFIED Recommendations UNCLASSIIFIED

Information Architecture Recommendations UNCLASSIIFIED Information Architecture Recommendations We need to review and understand long-term information requirements All domains All operating environments Invest to improve global operations capability Need to better understand key information we “must move” from sensors/platforms vice what we “want to move” On-board processing will expand decision space by providing more options Must consider integrated, multi-domain solutions, to include ground infrastructure Need to improve availability, security, capacity UNCLASSIIFIED

UNCLASSIIFIED C2 Recommendations Develop solutions considering all-domain PED requirements Mandate enforceable standards for information pathways and PED analytic tools during sensor/platform development and acquisition Improve PED apportionment by designing a model based on consumer information requirements UNCLASSIIFIED

PED Recommendations Improve automated tools UNCLASSIIFIED PED Recommendations Improve automated tools Rapid database search, fusion, dissemination Enable fusion of multi-domain source information Machine-to-machine interfaces Improve multi-level security integration Continue DCGS migration to Service Oriented Architecture (DI2E) Tie to appropriate C2 nodes and databases Demonstrate future architectures through QRC’s and spiral upgrades UNCLASSIIFIED

Platform/Sensor Mix Recommendations UNCLASSIIFIED Platform/Sensor Mix Recommendations Develop persistent, survivable platforms/sensors for all domains Ensure integrated and synchronized development of information pathways and PED capability with platform/sensor development Air Normalize non-traditional ISR Consider survivable platforms for A2AD Develop capability to reliably pass information in high threat environments Need sensors to characterize, find, fix and track targets in all operating areas then assess effects Space/Cyber Recognize space/cyberspace as contested and develop capability to ensure continued operations during crises/conflict Integrate solutions with air, cyber, and terrestrial architectures UNCLASSIIFIED

SECAF Directed Tasks UNCLASSIIFIED Pri Task Description OPR OCR 1 Conduct Information Architecture Analysis to frame AF discussions on information architecture of the future AFSPC MAJCOMs, AF A2, A3/5, A4/7, A6, A8, A9 2 Develop/acquire framework tools to enable capability-based planning and analysis (CP&A) of AF ISR Enterprise platform/sensor/PED requirements to feed Core Function Master Plans AF/A2 ACC, AFSOC, AFMC, AFSPC AF A5, A6, 3 Develop roadmap for ISR automated tools and analyst visualization tools ACC, AFSOC, AFMC, AFSPC 4 Develop DCGS roadmap with specific measures required to implement Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) and ability to synergize PED for all air, space, and cyber platforms/sensors ACC, AFMC, AFSPC, AFSOC, AF A5, A6 5 Develop AF Targeting Roadmap to outline requirements to satisfy target folder development support to warfighters, including space and cyberspace target sets ACC AFMC, AFSPC, USAFE, PACAF, AFSOC 6 Develop NTISR roadmap to include platform/sensor mix, communication pathways requirements, CONOPs development, & personnel training requirements AFMC, AFSPC, AFSOC, AF A2, A5, A6, A8, A9 7 Develop PED apportionment model and associated roadmap that models manpower based on air, space, and cyberspace fused information requirements, not apportioned platforms ACC, AFMC, AFSPC, AFSOC UNCLASSIIFIED

Prioritized Investment UNCLASSIIFIED Prioritized Investment Global Architecture for ISR Operations Robust, survivable, secure pathways for manned, unmanned, air, space, and cyberspace capabilities Sufficient to meet global mission demand Robust tools to improve PED capacity, capability and C2 Linked across all domains and C2 architectures Capability to access A2AD environments with persistence Continue to improve, refine and leverage investment in legacy ISR capabilities, e.g. MQ-1/9 Improve current sensors for new operating environments UNCLASSIIFIED

UNCLASSIIFIED Questions UNCLASSIIFIED

AF ISR A Comprehensive Review UNCLASSIIFIED AF ISR A Comprehensive Review Good afternoon, it’s a real pleasure and a privilege to be here with you today to share some thoughts on how Air Force Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance is aligned to meet today’s 21st century operations… Lt Gen Larry James Deputy Chief of Staff, ISR Overall Briefing Classification: UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIIFIED